Distributed Training Techniques and Quantitative Analysis for Large Language Models (GPT‑175B)
This article presents a comprehensive overview of state‑of‑the‑art distributed training methods for large language models, using GPT‑175B as a case study to analyze memory, communication, and compute overheads, and to recommend practical optimization strategies such as tensor, pipeline, and sequence parallelism, ZeRO‑1 optimizer, and selective activation checkpointing.