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Oct 12, 2022 · Fundamentals

Understanding Kotlin Compiler Internals: From K1 to K2, FIR, IR, and Compose Compiler

This article explains the architecture and evolution of the Kotlin compiler, detailing the roles of the frontend and backend, the transition from K1’s PSI and BindingContext to K2’s FIR and IR, and how Kotlin Compiler Plugins like Compose and No‑arg are implemented.