Model Perspective

Dec 6, 2025 · Artificial Intelligence

Understanding the Ladder of Causation: From Correlation to Counterfactuals

Judea Pearl’s Ladder of Causation framework divides reasoning into three levels—association, intervention, and counterfactuals—explaining how conditional probability, the do‑operator, and structural causal models enable moving from mere data correlation to actionable causal insights, with practical criteria like back‑door and front‑door adjustments.