Mapping LLM Reasoning: Paradigms, Methods, and Failure Modes in a Periodic Table
This 103‑page survey of over 300 recent papers organizes large language model reasoning into a periodic‑table framework, explains where reasoning emerges, categorizes 36 method families across six dimensions, critiques accuracy‑only evaluation, and outlines key open challenges such as fidelity, robustness, calibration, generalization, efficiency, and safety.
