How Baidu CFS Scales to Billions of Files with a Lock‑Free Metadata Service

This article explains Baidu's CFS architecture for building a billion‑file‑scale distributed file system, covering basic file system concepts, POSIX limitations, metadata service modeling, performance metrics, evolution of metadata architectures, and CFS's lock‑free design that achieves high scalability, low latency, and balanced load in cloud storage.

Distributed File SystemScalabilitycloud storage

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How Baidu CFS Scales to Billions of Files with a Lock‑Free Metadata Service

Baidu Geek Talk

May 29, 2023 · Backend Development

CFS: Scaling Metadata Service for Distributed File System via Pruned Scope of Critical Sections - Baidu's Implementation Journey

Baidu’s CFS metadata service scales to billions of files by shrinking critical sections through a lock‑free Namespace 2.0 design that confines conflicts to single shards, uses field‑level atomic primitives, and integrates the proxy into the client, delivering up to 76× throughput gains and significant latency reductions in production.

Baidu CFSDistributed File SystemEuroSys 2023

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CFS: Scaling Metadata Service for Distributed File System via Pruned Scope of Critical Sections - Baidu's Implementation Journey