This article explains the concepts, mechanisms, and trade‑offs of Overlay and Underlay network models for container networking in Kubernetes, covering VXLAN, MAC VLAN, IP VLAN, and direct‑routing approaches with practical examples and configuration details.
This article explains the concepts and differences between Overlay and Underlay network models for container environments, covering VXLAN tunneling, VTEP devices, MAC VLAN and IP VLAN modes, and direct routing approaches, while highlighting their advantages, limitations, and practical implementations in Kubernetes.
This article details the step‑by‑step evolution of Mafengwo's Kubernetes network—from early Flannel VXLAN setups, through a VPN‑server bridge for external access, to a MAC‑VLAN CNI solution—highlighting design principles, challenges, and recent optimization plans for large‑scale Java micro‑services.
