AI Engineer Programming

Apr 26, 2026 · Artificial Intelligence

From Bag‑of‑Words to Semantics: How Embeddings Turn Meaning into Numbers (Part 2)

The article explains how embedding techniques encode semantic information into numeric vectors, covering Word2Vec and GloVe fundamentals, BERT anisotropy, SimCSE contrastive learning, alignment and uniformity metrics, ANN index structures such as HNSW, IVF and PQ, Matryoshka representation learning, practical deployment challenges, and evaluation best practices.