This note explains how interfaces act as contracts in collaborative Java projects, covering everyday analogies, definition, syntax, implementation requirements, API role, and how multiple interfaces provide a form of multiple inheritance.
The article explains how clang can dump the exact vtable layout for a class with multiple inheritance, revealing that a single vtable is actually a virtual table group composed of a primary and secondary table, each containing its own offset_to_top, RTTI entries, function slots and thunks, and shows why new virtual functions appear only in the primary part while the secondary part holds adjusted thunks for overridden base functions.
This article explains C++ inheritance fundamentals, covering its purpose, basic syntax, public/protected/private inheritance types, construction/destruction order, method overriding with the override keyword, multiple and virtual inheritance, and practical guidelines for effective use.
This article explains Python's Method Resolution Order (MRO), detailing its basic principles, the C3 linearization algorithm, and how attribute and method lookup work in single, multiple, and complex inheritance scenarios, accompanied by illustrative code examples.
This article explains how C++ implements runtime polymorphism through virtual function tables, analyzes the memory layout of single‑ and multiple‑inheritance classes using gcc and gdb, and clarifies the role of thunks and offset adjustments for correct virtual calls.
This article explains PHP's Trait feature, showing how to use it for multiple inheritance, resolve method and property conflicts with insteadof and as, combine multiple Traits, and leverage advanced capabilities such as abstract methods and static members, all illustrated with complete code examples.
This article explains Python inheritance and polymorphism, covering single, multi‑level and multiple inheritance, method overriding, and duck‑type polymorphism with clear code examples and visual illustrations to help beginners grasp OOP fundamentals effectively.
This article explains the concepts of single and multiple inheritance, the diamond problem in C++, why Java forbids multiple class inheritance, and how Java 8 uses default methods in interfaces to achieve similar functionality, illustrated with clear code examples and diagrams.
This article explains Python's inheritance mechanism, showing how subclasses can reuse and extend parent class functionality, demonstrates the syntax for single and multiple inheritance, and illustrates method resolution order with clear code examples.
This article explains how Java interfaces can be defined separately from classes, how interfaces can inherit from other interfaces (including multiple inheritance), and how abstract classes are declared and extended, providing clear code examples for each concept.
This article explains Python's object‑oriented programming fundamentals, introduces classes and instances, details how inheritance works, discusses its advantages and disadvantages—including issues with built‑in type subclassing—and offers practical guidance on multiple inheritance, method resolution order, and using super.
