The php.internals vote on April 4 approved moving PHP 9.0 to the permissive 3‑clause BSD license, replacing the dual PHP v3.01 and Zend Engine licenses, and the article explains the historical reasons, legal benefits, comparisons with other BSD variants, PostgreSQL’s approach, and broader open‑source licensing trends.
This comprehensive tutorial walks through the Linux networking stack—from basic concepts and physical layer signaling to data link, network, transport, and application layers—detailing protocols, addressing, routing, error detection, and security mechanisms with clear diagrams and step‑by‑step explanations.
This article provides a comprehensive overview of Ethernet technology, explaining the roles of MAC and PHY chips, the OSI layer interactions, and the various interfaces such as MII, RMII, GMII, RGMII, and SMI, along with practical hardware integration details.
This article explains the principles, core implementations, performance trade‑offs, and typical use cases of 4‑layer (transport‑level) and 7‑layer (application‑level) gateways, helping readers understand how each operates within the OSI/TCP‑IP models and choose the appropriate solution for their network architecture.
