Understanding IP Packets, ICMP, and ARP: Formats, Functions, and Attack Techniques

This article explains the structure of IP packets, the role and encapsulation of the ICMP protocol, how ARP resolves IP addresses to MAC addresses, and the principles behind ARP spoofing attacks, providing a concise overview of essential network-layer concepts.

ARPICMPNetworking

0 likes · 9 min read

Understanding IP Packets, ICMP, and ARP: Formats, Functions, and Attack Techniques

Programmer DD

Jul 30, 2018 · Fundamentals

Understanding TCP Packet Structure, Three‑Way Handshake and Four‑Way Termination

This article explains the TCP header layout, details each field and control flag, and walks through the three‑way handshake for connection establishment and the four‑step termination process, including why these specific numbers of steps are required and the purpose of the 2 MSL wait.

Four-way terminationTCPThree-way handshake

0 likes · 12 min read

Understanding TCP Packet Structure, Three‑Way Handshake and Four‑Way Termination