The article dissects a proven trillion‑level counter architecture, tracing its evolution from a simple MySQL table through hash sharding, a full Redis migration, deep Redis memory optimizations, and hot‑cold separation, while detailing the trade‑offs and performance gains at each step.
This article examines the challenges faced by Ctrip’s ticket reservation transaction system during flash‑sale events and details the architectural optimizations—including Redis caching, database load reduction, supplier integration, and multi‑layer traffic throttling—that ensure system stability, strong consistency, and high availability under extreme concurrency.
NetEase Cloud Music’s RTA advertising system delivers real‑time, personalized ads at massive scale by using isolated Nginx clusters, layered decoupling, asynchronous Netty/Redis processing, and optimized storage with hash‑based key compression and Protostuff serialization, while supporting automated audience selection and in‑app attribution to boost user acquisition.
This guide walks you through common online failures—from disk full and high CPU on servers to Java Tomcat hangs, MySQL deadlocks, slow queries, Redis memory alerts, and network connection issues—providing step‑by‑step troubleshooting methods and practical commands to quickly locate and resolve problems.
