Tagged articles

13 articles

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Jul 28, 2025 · Backend Development

How WeChat Guarantees No Lost Messages: The Secrets of Reliable IM Delivery

This article explains the three types of IM packets—Request, Acknowledge, and Notify—illustrates the basic message flow between client and server, identifies reliability gaps such as lost notifications, and proposes an application‑level solution using acknowledgments, timeout‑driven retransmission, and message deduplication to achieve dependable delivery.

AcknowledgmentBackend ArchitectureIM

0 likes · 8 min read

How WeChat Guarantees No Lost Messages: The Secrets of Reliable IM Delivery

Deepin Linux

Jul 18, 2025 · Fundamentals

Why Does TCP Retransmission Matter? Unveiling the Secrets Behind Reliable Data Transfer

In the digital age, TCP's retransmission mechanisms ensure reliable data delivery by handling packet loss through timeout, fast retransmission, SACK, and D‑SACK, while adaptive RTO calculations and optimization strategies keep network performance stable across varied conditions.

Karn algorithmNetwork ReliabilityPacket Loss

0 likes · 18 min read

Why Does TCP Retransmission Matter? Unveiling the Secrets Behind Reliable Data Transfer

FunTester

Jun 27, 2025 · Fundamentals

Mastering TCP Retransmission: Boost Your Testing Efficiency

This article explains the core principles of TCP's retransmission mechanisms, outlines four common strategies, discusses how high retransmission rates indicate network or server issues, and provides practical methods for test engineers to diagnose, monitor, and optimize TCP reliability in performance testing scenarios.

ReliabilityTCPnetwork testing

0 likes · 11 min read

Mastering TCP Retransmission: Boost Your Testing Efficiency

Alibaba Cloud Developer

Sep 24, 2024 · Fundamentals

Master TCP Retransmission, Window Management & Congestion Control – Hands‑On Guide

This tutorial series for newcomers explains TCP timeout retransmission, window management, and congestion control, combining theory with practical experiments using tcpdump, netstat, iptables, and Scapy, and demonstrates how Linux kernel parameters affect retransmission behavior and performance.

Network programmingScapyTCP

0 likes · 48 min read

Master TCP Retransmission, Window Management & Congestion Control – Hands‑On Guide

Open Source Linux

Jul 25, 2023 · Fundamentals

How to Keep TCP Connections Alive: Heartbeat, Retransmission, and Timeout Techniques

This article explains how unstable network conditions cause TCP disconnections in video conferencing, and provides detailed guidance on TCP/IP heartbeat mechanisms, packet loss retransmission, socket keep‑alive configuration, libwebsockets integration, and non‑blocking connect timeout control with code examples.

HeartbeatSocketTCP

0 likes · 21 min read

How to Keep TCP Connections Alive: Heartbeat, Retransmission, and Timeout Techniques

MaGe Linux Operations

Jul 1, 2023 · Fundamentals

Ensuring 60‑Second TCP Keep‑Alive During Unstable Networks

Facing frequent packet loss and network jitter that disrupts video conferences, this article examines TCP/IP stack heartbeat and retransmission mechanisms, demonstrates how to configure Windows keepalive parameters, and provides code examples for custom socket options and non‑blocking connect timeouts to maintain session continuity within 60 seconds.

KeepaliveTCPWindows

0 likes · 22 min read

Ensuring 60‑Second TCP Keep‑Alive During Unstable Networks

Thoughts on Knowledge and Action

Dec 2, 2022 · Fundamentals

Understanding TCP: Basics, Handshakes, Flags, and Performance Tuning

This article explains TCP fundamentals—including connection-oriented design, byte‑stream transmission, reliability, header structure, flag meanings, the three‑way handshake, four‑way termination, SYN‑Flood attacks, time‑wait handling, retransmission strategies, kernel tuning parameters, Nagle’s algorithm, and congestion control mechanisms such as slow start and congestion avoidance.

LinuxNetworkingTCP

0 likes · 12 min read

Understanding TCP: Basics, Handshakes, Flags, and Performance Tuning

Open Source Linux

Oct 31, 2022 · Fundamentals

Mastering TCP Retransmission: Timeout, Fast Retransmit, SACK, and Congestion Control

This article explains TCP's retransmission mechanisms—including timeout retransmission, fast retransmit, SACK and D‑SACK—along with sliding window operation, window sizing, and congestion control algorithms such as slow start, congestion avoidance, and fast recovery, providing a comprehensive network fundamentals guide.

SACKSliding WindowTCP

0 likes · 12 min read

Mastering TCP Retransmission: Timeout, Fast Retransmit, SACK, and Congestion Control

Tencent Architect

Apr 8, 2022 · Fundamentals

How WebRTC Implements Video NACK: A Deep Dive into RTP Retransmission

This article provides a comprehensive walkthrough of WebRTC's video sender NACK implementation, covering the underlying ACK/NACK concepts, RFC4585 retransmission types, and the three-step process of storing RTP packets, handling RTCP NACK messages, and retransmitting lost media with priority handling.

NACKRTPVideo Streaming

0 likes · 5 min read

How WebRTC Implements Video NACK: A Deep Dive into RTP Retransmission

IT Services Circle

Feb 13, 2022 · Fundamentals

Does a TCP Connection Persist After Unplugging the Network Cable?

Unplugging a network cable does not immediately terminate a TCP connection; the kernel’s socket state remains ESTABLISHED, and the connection’s fate depends on data transmission, retransmission limits, TCP keepalive settings, and whether either side detects a failure.

KeepaliveLinuxSocket

0 likes · 10 min read

Does a TCP Connection Persist After Unplugging the Network Cable?

Sanyou's Java Diary

Feb 1, 2022 · Fundamentals

Understanding TCP: ACKs, Retransmission, Three‑Way Handshake & Four‑Way Termination

This article explains TCP's core mechanisms—including acknowledgment (ACK), timeout retransmission, the three‑way handshake for establishing connections, and the four‑way handshake for graceful termination—while illustrating each concept with diagrams and addressing common interview questions.

ACKHandshakeTCP

0 likes · 12 min read

Understanding TCP: ACKs, Retransmission, Three‑Way Handshake & Four‑Way Termination

NetEase Smart Enterprise Tech+

Dec 9, 2020 · Operations

Mastering Video QoS: How FEC, Retransmission, and Jitter Buffer Combat Network Challenges

This article explains how modern video applications face packet loss, jitter, congestion, and latency, and how techniques such as Forward Error Correction, packet retransmission, jitter buffers, long‑term reference frames, size‑stream and SVC can be combined to deliver high‑quality, low‑delay audio‑video experiences over 5G networks.

FECNetwork LatencyQoS

0 likes · 11 min read

Mastering Video QoS: How FEC, Retransmission, and Jitter Buffer Combat Network Challenges

Liangxu Linux

May 28, 2020 · Fundamentals

Unlock TCP Secrets: Visualizing Handshakes and Retransmissions with Wireshark & tcpdump

This guide walks you through building test environments, capturing packets with tcpdump, visualizing them in Wireshark, and dissecting TCP features such as three‑way handshake, retransmission timers, fast open, flow control, Nagle algorithm and delayed ACKs, while showing the exact Linux kernel parameters that control each behavior.

LinuxPacket CaptureTCP

0 likes · 30 min read

Unlock TCP Secrets: Visualizing Handshakes and Retransmissions with Wireshark & tcpdump