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NiuNiu MaTe
NiuNiu MaTe
Dec 23, 2025 · Fundamentals

Why TCP Needs a Three‑Way Handshake: The Secret Behind Reliable Connections

TCP’s three‑way handshake is a carefully designed three‑step “social ritual” that establishes a reliable connection by exchanging SYN, SYN‑ACK, and ACK packets, each carrying sequence numbers and flags to confirm readiness, prevent “ghost” connections, and ensure ordered, secure data transmission.

Connection establishmentReliabilitySequence numbers
0 likes · 10 min read
Why TCP Needs a Three‑Way Handshake: The Secret Behind Reliable Connections
Big Data Technology & Architecture
Big Data Technology & Architecture
May 17, 2019 · Backend Development

Understanding Kafka Producer Idempotence: PID, Sequence Numbers, and Implementation Details

This article explains how Apache Kafka implements producer idempotence by introducing Producer IDs (PID) and sequence numbers, describes the request‑response flow for PID allocation, details server‑side PID management, shows the exact‑once guarantee mechanism, and answers common configuration questions with code examples.

IdempotenceKafkaPID
0 likes · 32 min read
Understanding Kafka Producer Idempotence: PID, Sequence Numbers, and Implementation Details