Scaling Prometheus to Thousands of Nodes with Thanos: Architecture, Storage, and HA Practices
The article analyzes the storage, query performance, high‑availability, and data‑loss challenges of running Prometheus on a 1,000‑node Kubernetes cluster and demonstrates how a Thanos‑based architecture—Sidecar, Query, Store Gateway, Compactor, Receiver, and object‑storage back‑ends—can be designed, tuned, and operated to achieve horizontal scalability, efficient down‑sampling, and reliable fault recovery.
