This article explains why gateway-only JWT validation is insufficient in zero-trust microservices, detailing Token Relay and Token Exchange patterns with Spring Boot 3.5 code examples for secure service-to-service authentication and authorization.
This article explains why AI agents need distinct delegated identities with auditable chains instead of shared secrets or user impersonation, detailing OAuth 2.0 Token Exchange (RFC 8693) act claims, nested delegation chains as audit evidence not authorization, MCP's resource indicator requirements, and practical patterns from Gravitee and Microsoft Entra Agent ID.
This article details a comprehensive enterprise API security implementation using Spring Boot, covering OAuth 2.1 with PKCE and token exchange, mutual TLS for transport security, API signature verification to prevent tampering and replay, JWT encryption with JWE, fine-grained permission control, security auditing, gateway-level authentication, and alignment with OWASP API Top 10 vulnerabilities.
