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Jul 30, 2026 · Operations

From Guesswork to Math: Modeling Capacity for Ten‑Million QPS Services

Capacity evaluation evolves from intuition‑based estimates to rigorous modeling by measuring per‑request costs with single‑machine benchmarks, applying USL and queueing theory, bounding effective capacity with SLOs, conducting full‑link shadow traffic tests, and continuously calibrating online water‑marks to turn high‑traffic resilience into a calculable engineering decision.