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This article explains the evolution of distributed systems, outlines their benefits and challenges, and details key consistency mechanisms such as the CAP theorem, XA two‑phase and three‑phase commit, MQ‑based transactions, and the TCC pattern, with real‑world application scenarios.
This article explains rigid (strong consistency) distributed transactions, detailing the XA protocol and the classic two‑phase commit (2PC) and three‑phase commit (3PC) mechanisms, their workflows, advantages, limitations, and practical considerations for database systems.
This article explains the necessity of distributed transactions in modern systems, introduces the CAP and BASE consistency theories, and reviews practical solutions such as the XA two‑phase commit, TCC compensation model, and message‑queue based eventual consistency approaches.
This article introduces the fundamentals of distributed transactions, explains the ACID properties of transactions, compares local and distributed transaction architectures, and provides detailed analyses of two common distributed transaction models—X/Open XA and TCC—including their atomicity, isolation, consistency mechanisms and practical trade‑offs.
The article explains how distributed transactions work in microservice architectures, using inventory‑order examples and a World of Warcraft raid analogy to illustrate the XA two‑phase commit protocol, its normal and failure flows, limitations, and alternative approaches such as three‑phase commit, message‑queue and TCC transactions.