2023 Stack Overflow Developer Survey: Trends in Programming Languages, Databases, Web Frameworks, and AI Tools
The 2023 Stack Overflow Developer Survey, with over 90,000 respondents, reveals the most popular programming languages, highest‑earning languages, leading databases, preferred web frameworks, and the most trusted AI tools, highlighting how developers worldwide are adopting new technologies and AI assistance.
Stack Overflow released its 2023 Developer Survey, gathering responses from more than 90,000 developers worldwide. The full report covers developer demographics and insights on technologies, AI, careers, and community involvement, with this article focusing on the technology and AI sections.
Most Popular Programming Languages
JavaScript has remained the most popular language for 11 consecutive years, while Python overtook SQL to become the third most popular language. Other languages such as Bash/Shell, C, Ruby, Perl, and Erlang all moved up one rank, and the usage share of Go and Rust also increased compared to the previous year.
Highest‑Earning Programming Languages
Zig developers reported a median annual salary of $103,611 (≈ ¥740,000), positioning Zig as the top‑earning language. PHP and Dart ranked at the bottom, while last year’s highest‑earning language Clojure fell to fifth place.
Most Popular Databases
PostgreSQL surpassed MySQL to become the most popular database this year, used by 49.09% of professional developers, a 2.61% increase. MySQL remains second (40.59%), followed by SQLite (30.17%). Among learners, MySQL, MongoDB, and SQLite are the top choices.
Most Popular Web Frameworks and Technologies
Node.js and React.js are the leading web technologies, with professional developers using them at similar rates, while learners favor Node.js (52%) over React (48%). Other widely used tools include jQuery, Express, Angular, Next.js, and Vue.js.
Most Preferred Integrated Development Environment
Visual Studio Code continues to dominate as the preferred IDE, with usage rising from 75% to 81% of respondents.
Most Popular AI Search Tools
ChatGPT is the leading AI search tool, used by 83% of respondents, followed by Bing AI (20%), WolframAlpha (13%), and Google Bard AI (10%).
Most Popular AI Development Tools
GitHub Copilot leads as the top AI development assistant (55% usage), with Tabnine (13%) and AWS CodeWhisperer (5%) trailing behind.
Trust in AI Tools
Less than 3% of developers strongly trust the accuracy of AI tools, while about 6% express strong distrust; 39% have moderate trust and 30% are neutral.
AI Tool Usage Scenarios
The majority of developers use AI tools to help write code, with additional uses for debugging, documentation, learning codebases, and testing.
Future Expectations for AI Tools
Both professional developers and learners anticipate that AI tools will noticeably change their development workflows within the next year.
For the complete survey results, visit https://survey.stackoverflow.co/2023/ .
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