Common Python os and shutil Functions for File and Directory Operations

Python's os and shutil modules provide a comprehensive set of functions for handling files and directories.

Key functions include obtaining the current working directory ( os.getcwd()), listing directory contents ( os.listdir()), removing files ( os.remove()) and directories ( os.removedirs()), checking path types ( os.path.isfile(), os.path.isdir()), and many others such as os.path.isabs(), os.path.exists(), os.path.split(), os.path.splitext(), os.path.dirname(), os.path.basename(), os.system(), os.getenv(), os.putenv(), os.linesep, os.name, os.rename(old, new), os.makedirs("c:/python/test"), os.mkdir("test"), os.stat(file), os.chmod(file), os.exit(), and os.path.getsize(filename).

File creation and opening can be performed with os.mknod("test.txt") or the built‑in open("test.txt", "w") function, which supports various modes such as w, a, r+, w+, a+, and their binary equivalents ( rb, wb, ab, etc.).

The original article also includes several illustrative screenshots.