Common Python os and shutil Functions for File and Directory Operations

Python's os and shutil modules provide a comprehensive set of functions for handling files and directories.

Key functions include obtaining the current working directory ( os.getcwd() ), listing directory contents ( os.listdir() ), removing files ( os.remove() ) and directories ( os.removedirs() ), checking path types ( os.path.isfile() , os.path.isdir() ), and many others such as os.path.isabs() , os.path.exists() , os.path.split() , os.path.splitext() , os.path.dirname() , os.path.basename() , os.system() , os.getenv() , os.putenv() , os.linesep , os.name , os.rename(old, new) , os.makedirs("c:/python/test") , os.mkdir("test") , os.stat(file) , os.chmod(file) , os.exit() , and os.path.getsize(filename) .

File creation and opening can be performed with os.mknod("test.txt") or the built‑in open("test.txt", "w") function, which supports various modes such as w , a , r+ , w+ , a+ , and their binary equivalents ( rb , wb , ab , etc.).

The original article also includes several illustrative screenshots.