Comprehensive List and Comparison of Python Web Frameworks

After two weeks of research, the author compiled a comprehensive list of Python web development libraries (referred to as Web frameworks) for learning and reference.

What is a Web Framework? A Web framework provides a set of common functionalities for building websites, allowing developers to focus on business logic while the framework handles routing, templating, database access, security, and more.

Why Use a Web Framework? Using a framework reduces development effort, avoids reinventing common features, and offers community support and documentation, making problem solving faster and more efficient.

Ranking Methodology Frameworks are ordered by usage numbers and documentation activity; higher‑ranked frameworks generally have richer docs, larger communities, and better support.

1. Django – Official site: https://github.com/django/django.git. Pros: High‑level, rapid development, strong extensibility, MTV architecture, rich feature set. Cons: Heavy for lightweight apps, less flexible templating, steeper learning curve.

2. Flask – Official site: https://flask.palletsprojects.com/en/2.0.x/. Pros: Minimalist, easy to start, ideal for small prototypes. Cons: Requires manual routing design for large apps, risk of low‑quality code for beginners.

3. Pyramid – Official site: https://trypyramid.com/. Pros: Highly extensible, flexible, easy to start, suitable for medium‑scale projects. Cons: Low domestic visibility, advanced usage needs source‑code reading.

4. web.py – Official site: https://webpy.org/. Pros: Simple yet powerful, used by Yandex, praised by Guido van Rossum. Cons: Lacks full Python 3 compatibility, no async support, uncertain future maintenance.

5. Tornado – Official site: https://www.tornadoweb.org/en/stable/. Pros: Asynchronous, handles tens of thousands of connections, suited for high‑concurrency scenarios. Cons: Python 3.5+ required, dropping Python 2 support.

6. TurboGears – Official site: https://www.turbogears.org/. Pros: Multi‑database support, extensive tools, strong extensibility. Cons: Basic management features, limited third‑party extensions, complex due to many components.

7. CherryPy – Official site: https://cherrypy.org/. Pros: Object‑oriented design, minimal code, stable for small projects. Cons: Limited built‑in features, no templating engine, low‑level building blocks only.

8. Falcon – Official site: http://falconframework.org/. Pros: High performance for microservices and mobile back‑ends, reliable and scalable. Cons: Minimal built‑in functionality; additional features must be implemented by developers.

9. Asgineer – Official site: https://asgineer.readthedocs.io/. Pros: Fast async framework, supports long‑polling, SSE, websockets, efficient static asset serving. Cons: Documentation primarily in Chinese.

10. Bottle – Official site: https://bottlepy.org/docs/dev/. Pros: Single‑file, no dependencies, clean URL handling, built‑in templating. Cons: Lacks form validation, CSRF protection, and other higher‑level features.

11. Emmett – Official site: https://emmett.sh/. Pros: Elegant syntax, easy to learn, focuses on product development. Cons: Documentation scarce in Chinese.

12. apidaora – Official site: https://github.com/dutradda/apidaora. Pros: Type‑annotated request/response, fast, works on any ASGI server. Cons: Limited Chinese documentation.

13. Quixote – Official site: http://www.quixote.ca/. Pros: Flexible, high‑performance, traditional Python‑centric design. Cons: Low release frequency, focus on bug fixes.

14. reahl – Official site: https://www.reahl.org/. Pros: Pure Python development, clear component model. Cons: Limited UI customization, no Sass support.

15. hug – Official site: https://hug.rest/. Pros: Fast API development, simple interface, Python 3‑only. Cons: Based on older WSGI, lacks async support.

16. BlackSheep – Official site: https://github.com/Neoteroi/BlackSheep. Pros: Async event‑driven framework, inspired by Flask and ASP.NET. Cons: Chinese documentation scarce.

17. ... (remaining frameworks 17‑35 omitted for brevity)

In addition to the framework list, the article includes promotional material encouraging readers to follow the public account for daily Python learning, scan QR codes for free Python courses, and links to related Python articles.