Integrated Vehicle‑Road Cloud Control System Architecture

The vehicle‑road cloud integrated control system (also called the intelligent connected vehicle cloud control system) leverages next‑generation information and communication technologies to fuse the physical, information, and application layers of people, vehicles, roads, and cloud, enabling comprehensive perception, decision, and control for enhanced safety and efficiency.

The system consists of six major parts: connected intelligent vehicles and other traffic participants, roadside infrastructure, the cloud control base platform, the cloud control application platform, supporting platforms, and the communication network that interconnects all components.

Cloud Control Base Platform serves as the core, comprising a three‑tier cloud hierarchy—edge cloud, regional cloud, and central cloud—forming a logically coordinated yet physically distributed cloud computing center. It processes real‑time vehicle, road, and environment data and provides standardized common services for intelligent connected vehicles and related industries.

Edge Cloud is the closest layer to vehicles and roads, offering real‑time and weak‑real‑time services such as enhanced driving safety. Its architecture includes lightweight infrastructure and virtualization management, edge cloud gateways (road‑cloud, vehicle‑cloud, and cloud‑cloud), caching, compute engines, and domain‑specific standard modules that support functions like blind‑spot warning and cooperative lane planning.

Regional Cloud aggregates multiple edge clouds to serve regional traffic supervision, enforcement, and vehicle services. It includes infrastructure and virtualization, regional gateways, compute and storage analysis engines, domain‑specific standards, and hierarchical shared interfaces, providing weak‑real‑time or non‑real‑time services for traffic management and efficiency improvement.

Central Cloud targets traffic decision‑making agencies, vehicle manufacturers, and research institutions, offering macro‑traffic data analysis and value‑added services. Its components mirror those of the regional cloud but at a larger scale, featuring data warehouses, compute engines, big‑data analysis, and domain‑specific standards for large‑scale traffic analytics.

The cloud control system features pervasive vehicle‑road‑cloud interconnection, digital mapping of all traffic elements, unified application orchestration, efficient compute scheduling, and high reliability through redundant perception, centralized computation, and multi‑backup mechanisms.

Key enabling technologies include edge cloud architecture, dynamic resource scheduling, perception and spatiotemporal positioning, vehicle and traffic control, and cloud‑network integration, all of which are essential for improving vehicle safety, travel efficiency, energy savings, and overall traffic performance.