Introduction to Python's math Module: Functions, Examples, and Usage

1. Overview of the math module \nThe math module is a standard library in Python that provides a wide range of functions for complex mathematical calculations such as trigonometric, logarithmic, and exponential operations. To use its functions, you first need to import the module.

2. Common functions and examples

Basic arithmetic

import math
# Calculate square root
result = math.sqrt(16)
print(result)  # 输出 4.0

import math
# Calculate power
result = math.pow(2, 3)
print(result)  # 输出 8.0

import math
# Ceiling
result = math.ceil(3.14)
print(result)  # 输出 4

import math
# Floor
result = math.floor(3.14)
print(result)  # 输出 3

import math
# Truncate
result = math.trunc(3.14)
print(result)  # 输出 3

Trigonometric functions

import math
# Compute sine, cosine, tangent for an angle
angle = math.pi / 4
sin_val = math.sin(angle)
cos_val = math.cos(angle)
tan_val = math.tan(angle)
print(sin_val)  # 输出约 0.707
print(cos_val)  # 输出约 0.707
print(tan_val)  # 输出约 1.0

import math
# Inverse trigonometric functions
arcsin_val = math.asin(0.707)
arccos_val = math.acos(0.707)
arctan_val = math.atan(1.0)
print(arcsin_val)  # 输出约 0.785
print(arccos_val)  # 输出约 0.785
print(arctan_val)  # 输出约 0.785

Logarithmic functions

import math
# Natural logarithm
log_val = math.log(2.71828)
log_base_10_val = math.log(100, 10)
print(log_val)  # 输出约 1.0
print(log_base_10_val)  # 输出 2.0

import math
# Base‑10 logarithm
log10_val = math.log10(100)
print(log10_val)  # 输出 2.0

Exponential function

import math
# e to the power of x
exp_val = math.exp(1)
print(exp_val)  # 输出约 2.71828

Angle‑radian conversion

import math
# Radians to degrees
radian = math.pi / 4
degrees = math.degrees(radian)
print(degrees)  # 输出 45.0

import math
# Degrees to radians
degree = 45
radians = math.radians(degree)
print(radians)  # 输出约 0.785

Maximum, minimum and other utilities

import math
# Absolute value
abs_val = math.fabs(-3.14)
print(abs_val)  # 输出 3.14

import math
# Remainder (modulo)
mod_val = math.fmod(10, 3)
print(mod_val)  # 输出 1.0

Constants

import math
# Pi
pi_val = math.pi
print(pi_val)  # 输出约 3.14159

import math
# Euler's number e
e_val = math.e
print(e_val)  # 输出约 2.71828

Other useful functions

import math
# Check if two numbers are close
close_result = math.isclose(1.0000001, 1.0)
print(close_result)  # 输出 True

import math
# Check for infinity
inf_result = math.isinf(float('inf'))
print(inf_result)  # 输出 True

import math
# Check for NaN
nan_result = math.isnan(float('nan'))
print(nan_result)  # 输出 True

3. Summary

The math module offers a powerful toolbox for handling a wide variety of mathematical operations, from simple arithmetic to advanced scientific calculations, making it an essential resource for Python developers.