Master Elasticsearch Index & Document Operations with RESTful APIs

Environment: Elasticsearch 7.8.0 + Postman

Elasticsearch is a Lucene‑based search server offering a distributed, multi‑user full‑text search engine via RESTful web interfaces. Developed in Java and released under the Apache license, it is a popular enterprise search solution used in cloud computing for real‑time, reliable, and fast search. Official clients exist for Java, .NET (C#), PHP, Python, Groovy, Ruby, and many other languages.

Index Operations

1. Create Index

Method: PUT

URL: http://localhost:9200/users

Optional body (settings):

<code>{
  "settings": {
    "number_of_shards": 3,
    "number_of_replicas": 0
  }
}</code>

number_of_shards: number of primary shards

number_of_replicas: number of replica shards

2. View All Indices

Method: GET

URL: http://localhost:9200/_cat/indices?v

3. View Single Index

Method: GET

URL: http://localhost:9200/users

4. Delete Index

Method: DELETE

URL: http://localhost:9200/users

Document Operations

1. Create Document

Method: POST

URL: http://localhost:9200/users/_doc

<code>{"name":"张三", "sex":"男", "age":30}</code>

2. Create Document with Specified ID

Method: POST

URL: http://localhost:9200/student/_doc/唯一I

<code>{"name":"莉莉", "sex":"女", "age":30}</code>

3. View Document

Method: GET

URL: http://localhost:9200/users/_doc/唯一ID

4. Update Document (Replace)

Method: POST

URL: http://localhost:9200/users/_doc/唯一I

<code>{"name":"莉莉007", "sex":"女", "age":60}</code>

5. Update Document (Partial)

Method: POST

URL: http://localhost:9200/users/_update/唯一ID

<code>{
  "doc": {
    "age": 50
  }
}</code>

6. Delete Document

Method: DELETE

URL: http://localhost:9200/users/_doc/唯一ID

7. Delete Documents by Query

Method: POST

URL: http://localhost:9200/users/_delete_by_query

<code>{
  "query": {
    "match": {
      "age": 50
    }
  }
}</code>

Create Mapping

1. Define Mapping

Method: PUT

URL: http://localhost:9200/users/_mapping

<code>{
  "properties": {
    "name": {"type": "text", "index": true},
    "sex": {"type": "text", "index": true},
    "age": {"type": "long", "index": true}
  }
}</code>

2. View Mapping

Method: GET

URL: http://localhost:9200/users/_mapping

Finished!

Next article will cover advanced Elasticsearch query RESTful APIs.