Master Linux Disk Partitioning: Mount, Expand, and Resize in Three Scenarios

Linux Disk Partitioning: Three Scenarios

Scenario 1: Mount an existing (or newly added) disk to a new directory.

1. View disk information:

lsblk /dev/sdb
NAME   MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sdb    8:16    0 32G  0 disk
├─sdb1 8:17    0 200M 0 part /boot/eif

2. Create a new partition sdb2 using fdisk:

fdisk /dev/sdb
n   # new partition
p   # primary
2   # partition number
<Enter>   # accept default start sector
+15G   # size of sdb2
w   # write changes

3. Format the new partition (example with ext4): mkfs.ext4 /dev/sdb2 # use mkfs.xfs for XFS 4. Mount the partition:

mkdir /mnt/sdb2
mount /dev/sdb2 /mnt/sdb2

5. Verify the mount:

df -hT
Filesystem   Type  Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/sdb2    ext4  15G  41M   14G   1% /mnt/sdb2

Scenario 2: Expand a subdirectory of an existing directory using a symbolic link. (Details omitted for brevity; the method involves creating a larger logical volume or partition, formatting it, mounting it elsewhere, and linking it to the target subdirectory.)

Scenario 3: Expand the root (/) partition on a MBR disk (sda7) with XFS.

1. Check the partition table and filesystem type:

fdisk -l /dev/sda
# ... shows /dev/sda7 as the last partition
blkid /dev/sda7
/dev/sda7: UUID="f7c7645e-5d67-43f8-ba7e-5c9f019d980a" TYPE="xfs"

2. Refresh the kernel partition table and grow the XFS filesystem:

sudo partprobe /dev/sda
sudo xfs_growfs /dev/sda7

3. Verify the new size:

df -h
Filesystem   Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda7   152G  66M 152G   1% /