One-Click Spring Boot Deployment on Windows with Batch Scripts

Introduction

When deploying a Spring Boot JAR, you often need to configure runtime dependencies such as a database and JDK. This guide shows how to package all required resources into a set of batch scripts that provide a one‑click start experience on Windows.

Environment Preparation

JRE : version 1.8 (or any version matching your development JDK).

PostgreSQL : version 15 (MySQL can be used as an alternative).

The PostgreSQL resources are used directly as executable files; no installer is required.

Code Steps

Initialize and Start the Database

Place the PostgreSQL resource files in a folder (e.g., pgsql) and the initialization SQL scripts in a sub‑folder sql.

Use the following batch script (save as config_db.bat) to initialize the database, start the service, create the target database, and import the SQL file.

@echo off
setlocal

set PG_HOME=.\pgsql
set DB_NAME=fire_qixia
set DB_PWD=12345
set DB_PORT=5433
set SQL_FILE=.\sql\pgsql.sql

echo [1/4] 正在初始化 PostgreSQL...
if not exist "%PG_HOME%\data\PG_VERSION" (
  echo 正在初始化 PostgreSQL 数据库...
  "%PG_HOME%\bin\initdb.exe" -D "%PG_HOME%\data" -U postgres -E UTF8 --locale=C -W
  if errorlevel 1 (
    echo 数据库初始化失败！
    exit /b 1
  )
  echo 数据库初始化成功！
)

echo [2/4] 正在启动 PostgreSQL...
start "" "%PG_HOME%\bin\pg_ctl.exe" -D "%PG_HOME%\data" -l "%PG_HOME%\pg.log" start -o "-p %DB_PORT%"

rem 等待几秒确保服务启动
ping -n 10 127.0.0.1 >nul

rem ==== 3. 创建数据库 ====
echo [3/4] 正在创建数据库 "%DB_NAME%" ...
"%PG_HOME%\bin\createdb.exe" -U postgres -p %DB_PORT% %DB_NAME%
if errorlevel 1 (
  echo 数据库可能已存在，继续...
)

rem ==== 4. 导入 SQL 文件 ====
if exist "%SQL_FILE%" (
  echo [4/4] 正在导入 SQL 文件 "%SQL_FILE%" ...
  "%PG_HOME%\bin\psql.exe" -U postgres -p %DB_PORT% -d %DB_NAME% -f "%SQL_FILE%"
  if errorlevel 1 (
    echo SQL 导入失败！
    exit /b 1
  )
  echo SQL 导入成功！
) else (
  echo 未找到 SQL 文件：%SQL_FILE%
)

endlocal

Start the Spring Boot JAR

Copy the JRE resources and the built Spring Boot JAR into the same folder and use the following script (e.g., start_service.bat) to launch the application.

@echo off
setlocal

set JAVA_HOME=.\jdk
set SPRING_APP=.\打包的程序.jar

echo 启动 Spring Boot 应用...
"%JAVA_HOME%\bin\java.exe" -jar "%SPRING_APP%"

endlocal

Deploy by copying the entire directory to a Windows machine and double‑clicking the custom batch file.

Example Directory Layout

├── config_db.bat          ----- 初始化并启动数据库的脚本
├── ext-config.yml        ----- 额外的配置文件
├── jdk                   ----- JRE 运行环境
├── pgsql                 ----- 数据库资源文件
├── 程序.jar              ----- 打包的 Spring Boot 程序
├── sql                   ----- SQL 脚本文件
├── start_db.bat          ----- 启动数据库脚本
├── start_service.bat     ----- 启动服务脚本

FAQ

How to add extra configuration?

Append the following option to the Java command line:

--spring.config.location=classpath:application.yml,file:./ext-config.yml

Create an ext-config.yml file in the same folder to override defaults.

I don’t want to re‑initialize the database each time.

Create a separate batch file that only starts the PostgreSQL service (and optionally a stop script). Example:

@echo off
setlocal

set PG_HOME=.\pgsql
set DB_PORT=5433

echo 正在启动 PostgreSQL...
start "" "%PG_HOME%\bin\pg_ctl.exe" -D "%PG_HOME%\data" -l "%PG_HOME%\pg.log" start -o "-p %DB_PORT%"

rem 等待几秒确保服务启动
ping -n 10 127.0.0.1 >nul

endlocal

Conclusion

By following these steps you can create a portable, zero‑configuration deployment package for a Spring Boot service on Windows. The approach works for users with little technical background and can be adapted to other environments or customized further as needed.