Overview of Common Java Backend Technologies: Spring MVC, Spring, MyBatis, Dubbo, Maven, RabbitMQ, Log4j, Ehcache, Redis, Shiro, and Design Patterns

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1. Spring MVC Spring Web MVC is a lightweight, request‑driven Java framework that implements the Model‑View‑Controller pattern, separating concerns between Model (POJOs), View (HTML rendering), and Controller (request handling). The DispatcherServlet processes all HTTP requests and responses.

The request handling flow is: (1) the client sends a request to the front‑controller (DispatcherServlet), which selects the appropriate controller; (2) the controller binds request parameters to a command object, validates it, and delegates to business logic, returning a ModelAndView; (3) the front‑controller resolves the logical view name, renders the view with the model data; (4) the response is sent back to the client.

2. Spring Core The IoC container provides dependency injection, managing object creation, configuration, and wiring. BeanFactory is the core interface. AOP allows cross‑cutting concerns (e.g., authentication, caching, logging, transaction management) to be modularized, reducing code duplication and coupling.

3. MyBatis MyBatis is a persistence framework that maps Java POJOs to SQL statements via XML or annotations, eliminating most JDBC boilerplate. Its workflow includes loading configuration, creating MappedStatement objects, receiving API calls with SQL ID and parameters, executing the SQL, mapping results, and releasing resources. It also supports dynamic SQL generation.

4. Dubbo Dubbo is a high‑performance RPC framework for distributed services, offering transparent remote method invocation, soft load balancing, fault tolerance, and service registration/discovery. Key node roles are Provider, Consumer, Registry, Monitor, and Container.

5. Maven Maven is a project management and build automation tool widely used for dependency management and constructing Java projects.

6. RabbitMQ RabbitMQ, built with Erlang, implements the AMQP protocol for high‑throughput, reliable messaging. It enables asynchronous processing, improving system throughput by offloading time‑consuming tasks.

7. Log4j Log4j provides configurable logging levels (OFF, FATAL, ERROR, WARN, INFO, DEBUG, ALL) for Java applications.

8. Ehcache Ehcache is a pure‑Java in‑process caching library, offering fast, simple caching with multiple strategies, two‑level (memory and disk) storage, and optional distributed caching via RMI.

9. Redis Redis is an in‑memory key‑value store supporting strings, lists, sets, sorted sets, and hashes, with atomic operations, persistence, master‑slave replication, and use cases such as caching, messaging, and session storage.

10. Shiro Apache Shiro is a Java security framework handling authentication, authorization, session management, and cryptography, with features like “remember me”, caching, and multi‑threaded permission propagation.

11. Design Patterns Basic principles such as the Open/Closed Principle, Liskov Substitution Principle, interface‑driven design, composition over inheritance, and modular isolation are discussed to guide robust software architecture.

The author plans to elaborate each framework in future articles; readers are encouraged to point out errors and give feedback.