Practical Python Scripts for Beginners: From Hello World to Mini Games

This tutorial presents a collection of practical Python scripts designed for absolute beginners. It starts with the iconic "Hello, World!" program, then moves on to a simple calculator, a number‑guessing game, rock‑paper‑scissors, a to‑do list manager, a basic web scraper, a weather app, and many other useful utilities.

Each script is accompanied by a concise explanation that relates programming concepts to everyday analogies, making the material easy to understand.

# Hello, World! program
print("Hello, World!")

# Simple calculator
num1 = float(input("Enter first number: "))
num2 = float(input("Enter second number: "))
operator = input("Enter operator (+, -, *, /): ")
if operator == "+":
    result = num1 + num2
elif operator == "-":
    result = num1 - num2
elif operator == "*":
    result = num1 * num2
elif operator == "/":
    if num2 == 0:
        print("Cannot divide by zero")
    else:
        result = num1 / num2
else:
    print("Invalid operator")
if "result" in locals():
    print("Result:", result)

# Guess the number game
import random
number = random.randint(1, 100)
guess = 0
while guess != number:
    guess = int(input("Guess a number between 1 and 100: "))
    if guess < number:
        print("Too low, try again!")
    elif guess > number:
        print("Too high, try again!")
    else:
        print("Congratulations, you guessed it!")

# Rock‑paper‑scissors game
import random
choices = ["石头", "剪刀", "布"]
computer_choice = random.choice(choices)
user_choice = input("Enter your choice (石头, 剪刀, 布): ")
print("Your choice:", user_choice)
print("Computer's choice:", computer_choice)
# ... determine winner ...

# To‑do list manager
todo_list = []
while True:
    action = input("Enter action (add, view, exit): ")
    if action == "add":
        item = input("Enter task: ")
        todo_list.append(item)
    elif action == "view":
        for item in todo_list:
            print(item)
    elif action == "exit":
        break
    else:
        print("Invalid action")

# Basic web scraper
import requests
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
url = "https://www.example.com"
response = requests.get(url)
soup = BeautifulSoup(response.content, "html.parser")
title = soup.title.string
print("Page title:", title)
links = soup.find_all("a")
for link in links:
    print(link.get("href"))
# pip install requests beautifulsoup4

# Simple weather app (requires API key)
import requests
city = input("Enter city: ")
api_key = "YOUR_API_KEY"
url = f"http://api.weatherapi.com/v1/current.json?key={api_key}&q={city}"
response = requests.get(url)
weather_data = response.json()
if "current" in weather_data:
    temperature = weather_data["current"]["temp_c"]
    condition = weather_data["current"]["condition"]["text"]
    print(f"{city} temperature: {temperature}°C, condition: {condition}")
else:
    print("Failed to retrieve weather information")
# pip install requests

Additional scripts cover topics such as prime number checking, Fibonacci sequence generation, password generation, email scheduling, file organization, QR‑code creation, batch renaming, a simple HTTP server, and YouTube video downloading, providing a well‑rounded introduction to Python's capabilities.

By following these examples, readers can quickly build confidence in writing Python code and gain a solid foundation for further learning.