AI, big data, cloud computing, and networking.
This guide explains Open vSwitch's origins, core features, software architecture, key components such as ovsdb-server, ovs-vswitchd, and the kernel module, provides step‑by‑step installation on CentOS 7, and details configuration of bridges, ports, SSL, controllers, and flow handling for SDN environments.
This article chronicles the development of the OpenFlow SDN protocol, detailing each version’s enhancements to the control and data planes, the architecture of switches and controllers, and the key concepts such as flow tables, group tables, meter tables, and message types.
This article explains Linux's virtual network devices—including Tap and Tun virtual NICs, Veth-pair links, Bridge bridges, Network namespaces, VLAN sub‑interfaces, MACVLAN and MACVTAP—detailing their architecture, driver components, configuration commands, and practical examples for building isolated or connected virtual networking environments.
VirtIO, a para‑virtualization device interface created by Rusty Russell, delivers near‑native I/O performance in virtualized environments by separating front‑end drivers and back‑end emulators, standardizing device types, and optimizing transport through Virtqueues, making it a key component of modern cloud and Linux virtualization stacks.
This article explains the fundamentals of KVM (Kernel-based Virtual Machine) and QEMU, detailing their architecture, hardware-assisted virtualization features, integration process, VM lifecycle, CPU, memory, and I/O virtualization, as well as practical command-line examples for configuring vCPU topology, storage, and networking.
This guide explains SR‑IOV fundamentals, PF/VF roles, VEB and VEPA virtual switches, multi‑channel extensions, and provides step‑by‑step instructions for enabling VFs, attaching them to KVM guests, configuring NUMA affinity, bonding, and handling hot‑migration challenges.
This article explains the structure of HTTP/1.1 request and response messages, the limitations of TCP such as head‑of‑line blocking, the evolution from SPDY to HTTP/2 with binary framing, multiplexed streams, header compression, server push, ALPN negotiation, and practical Wireshark capture techniques for HTTP/2 traffic.
This article traces the evolution of data storage and computing—from 1725’s punched paper tape and Jacquard looms through Turing’s theoretical breakthroughs, early computers, the rise of operating systems, virtualization, cloud services, and modern AI—highlighting how each milestone laid the groundwork for today’s digital world.
This article explains the evolution and architecture of the Domain Name System (DNS), covering its origins, hierarchical domain structure, global server hierarchy, recursive resolution process, private server deployment, protocol packet format, and implementation methods such as UDP/TCP and HTTP DNS, illustrated with diagrams and code examples.
This article walks through the Linux kernel boot sequence, the initialization of the kernel networking stack, the registration and initialization steps of the Intel I350 (IGB) network driver, and demonstrates how to inspect the resulting network interface using ifconfig and ethtool commands.
