This article explains the concepts of forward and reverse proxy servers, why organizations use them, and provides step‑by‑step configuration examples for both Nginx and Apache to help engineers enforce network policies and secure service access.
This article provides a concise overview of numerous Apache open‑source projects—including Ignite, MapReduce, Pig, JAQL, Spark, Storm, Flink, Apex, REEF, Twill, and Beam—that enable distributed in‑memory storage, real‑time and batch processing, and advanced analytics for large‑scale data workloads.
This article provides a comprehensive overview of Apache HBase, covering its core architecture, key features such as automatic sharding, LSM‑Tree storage, separation of storage and compute, the ecosystem, real‑world use cases, recent 2.0 enhancements, upgrade guidance, future plans, and community recruitment information.
This article introduces Apache RocketMQ by covering its origin, core concepts such as topics, producers and consumers, storage architecture with CommitLog and ConsumeQueue, deployment components like brokers and name servers, and practical best‑practice guidance for handling duplicates, ordering, and message replay.
This article explains various PHP caching techniques—including full‑page static generation, partial page fragments, data and query caching, time‑based and content‑change strategies, as well as memory caches like Memcached, Apache cache settings, APC extension, and opcode caching—providing code examples and practical guidance to improve web performance.
This article explains why static files and JavaScript may not update correctly in a Vagrant‑VirtualBox development setup on Windows, describes the underlying VirtualBox sendfile bug, and provides step‑by‑step instructions to disable sendfile in both Nginx and Apache to resolve the issue.
This article examines the default retry mechanism of Apache HttpClient 4.5.5, explains how the RetryExec executor and DefaultHttpRequestRetryHandler work, details the conditions under which retries occur or are skipped, and shows how to disable automatic retries when building an HttpClient instance.
This article compares Nginx and Apache, explains Apache's three processing models, details how Nginx achieves superior high‑concurrency performance through event‑driven, single‑threaded architecture and efficient memory usage, and outlines key techniques for building scalable web servers.
This guide explains how to clean existing packages, disable SELinux, install required build tools, download and compile APR, APR‑util and PCRE, and finally compile and install Apache HTTP Server on a CentOS system using a Bash script.
This article humorously recounts the “80‑port war” between Apache and Nginx, using a comic strip to compare the legacy server’s extensive module list and age with Nginx’s event‑driven performance, C10K handling, and modern extensions, ultimately asking which will dominate the web.
This article presents a comprehensive attributes matrix and data‑flow model overview for major Apache streaming platforms, comparing versions, sponsors, event handling, fault tolerance, processing order, latency, resource management, APIs, and supported connectors to aid practical technology selection.
A CentOS web server reports 100% disk usage despite du -sh /* showing far less space used, which is caused by Apache/Tomcat logs being cleared while the services are running, and the issue is resolved by restarting the services and properly cleaning old log files.
Apache RocketMQ, Alibaba's high‑performance distributed messaging middleware, has officially graduated to an Apache Top‑Level Project, highlighting its robust features, broad ecosystem adoption across e‑commerce, IoT, finance and big‑data, and Alibaba's strong commitment to open‑source leadership.
This step‑by‑step guide shows how to install MySQL 5.6, set up PHP 5.6 with Apache, and configure WordPress 3.9 on a CentOS 6 server, including database creation, wp‑config adjustments, and final file permissions.
This guide explains why removing Apache/Tomcat log files while the services are running fails to release disk space, analyzes the inode‑locking behavior, and provides practical solutions such as restarting the server, truncating logs, and using scheduled cleanup commands.
A detailed case study reveals how an out‑of‑memory (OOM) situation on a Linux server caused Tomcat to crash during load testing, explains the kernel's OOM killer behavior, and provides practical solutions such as enabling swap and tuning Apache limits.
According to Netcraft’s January 2017 survey, the global number of active websites grew 1.1% year‑over‑year, with Apache retaining the top market share at 42.78%, Nginx climbing to 3.84% and overtaking IIS to capture 53.2% of all web‑server deployments.
This guide walks through setting up a LAMP stack, configuring a DNS server, creating virtual hosts, and deploying a Discuz! forum, covering each step from package installation to database configuration and final testing.
A recent analysis shows Nginx rapidly gaining market share to 33.3% worldwide, overtaking Apache which has fallen below 50%, with regional variations, protocol support advantages, and future trends indicating continued growth for modern web servers.
This tutorial walks you through installing CentOS 7, configuring the firewall and SELinux, and setting up Apache, MariaDB, and PHP to create a functional LAMP environment, complete with testing and essential configuration tips.
Learn how to quickly configure an Apache server to run Python scripts using the mod_python module on Linux, with step‑by‑step apt‑get installation, configuration tweaks, permission settings, and a simple hello‑world test, all explained in a concise three‑minute tutorial.
This article introduces several popular open‑source licenses—including Apache 2.0, GPL v3, MIT, BSD, Eclipse, and others—detailing their commercial use rights, required notices, modification obligations, patent provisions, and liability limitations to help developers choose an appropriate license.
The QQ Member Activity Platform upgraded its legacy PHP 5.2/Apache 2.0 stack to PHP 7.0 with Apache 2.4 through staged migrations, extensive extension refactoring, and rigorous debugging, ultimately achieving roughly double the request‑handling performance and significant hardware cost savings while maintaining service stability.
This step‑by‑step guide shows how to create a private Certificate Authority, generate self‑signed and server certificates, configure Apache for HTTPS, revoke certificates, update CRLs, and test the setup using OpenSSL and curl on Linux.
This guide walks through installing the LAMP stack (Linux, Apache, MySQL/MariaDB, PHP) on CentOS 7, explains HTTP request processing for static and dynamic resources, and then shows step‑by‑step deployment of WordPress and phpMyAdmin, including common pitfalls and fixes.
This article recounts Alibaba's RocketMQ journey—from record‑breaking low‑latency performance during Double‑Eleven, through the challenges of open‑source donation, to its successful incubation at Apache and future plans for both community and commercial versions.
Alibaba’s recent donation of its high‑performance distributed messaging platform RocketMQ to the Apache Foundation marks a significant step for open‑source middleware, promising broader adoption, enhanced community collaboration, and new opportunities for developers building scalable, low‑latency systems across cloud and IoT environments.
This guide explains the most important HTTP response security headers—such as X‑Frame‑Options, X‑Content‑Type‑Options, X‑XSS‑Protection, Content‑Security‑Policy, Strict‑Transport‑Security, and CORS headers—detailing their purpose, possible values, and how to configure them in Apache to harden web applications.
This article examines practical high‑concurrency techniques for a single‑machine web server, presenting an ultra‑minimal reverse‑proxy model, comparing Nginx’s multi‑process event‑driven architecture with Apache’s prefork and worker MPMs, and reviewing synchronous, non‑blocking, and asynchronous I/O strategies to minimize performance killers such as data copying, context switches, memory allocation, and lock contention.
This article provides a concise overview of several open‑source real‑time stream processing platforms—including S4, Storm, StreamBase, HStreaming, Esper/NEsper, Kafka, Scribe, and Flume—highlighting their primary features, programming languages, and project links for future technical research.
This article details the end‑to‑end migration of the QQ Membership Activity Management System from an outdated PHP 5.2/Apache 2.0 stack to PHP 7 and Apache 2.4, covering pre‑research on HHVM and JIT, architectural choices, upgrade risks, step‑by‑step implementation, debugging techniques, API changes, and the resulting performance improvements.
This article provides a comprehensive overview of Flume NG, covering its architecture, core components (source, channel, sink), reliability mechanisms, common deployment scenarios, installation steps, configuration examples, compilation instructions, and practical best‑practice recommendations for building robust log‑collection pipelines.
This guide explains how to configure GitLab webhooks and an Apache endpoint to automatically pull code updates to a test server after each commit, covering server setup, SSH key configuration, PHP interface script, and troubleshooting steps.
Learn three powerful shell commands that reveal the most active IPs, the most requested URLs, and the largest files in an Apache access_log, helping you quickly detect anomalies, optimize resources, and improve site performance.
This article explains why modern web sites face exploding concurrent connections, how richer front‑end interactions and browser limits increase load, and presents practical front‑end caching, request merging, and server‑side techniques—including Apache MPM tuning, Nginx adoption, sendfile, and epoll—to reduce memory and CPU pressure.
The article explains why modern web systems face ever‑increasing concurrent connections, analyzes how front‑end techniques and server‑side configurations such as Apache MPM modes, Nginx, sendfile, and epoll can reduce memory and CPU consumption, and offers practical recommendations for efficient backend architecture.
Apache offers three core Multi-Processing Modules—prefork, worker, and event—each with distinct process/thread models, memory usage, and suitability for high-concurrency scenarios, and this article explains how they work, their trade-offs, and why event MPM is the most memory-efficient choice.
This article examines why modern web systems face exploding concurrent connections, explains how richer pages and browser limits increase load, and presents front‑end caching, request merging, Apache/Nginx memory and CPU optimizations, and practical guidelines for reducing server resource consumption.
This article explains why modern web systems face exploding concurrent connections, how richer page interactions and higher browser limits increase server load, and presents front‑end caching, request merging, Apache/Nginx memory‑saving modes, sendfile, and epoll techniques to reduce both memory and CPU consumption.
An in‑depth comparison reveals how Nginx’s epoll‑based I/O model delivers higher concurrency, better efficiency, reduced memory copying, and non‑blocking operation, while Apache’s traditional select model is limited by FD_SETSIZE, linear scanning, and greater kernel‑user space copying overhead.
The article explains how Storm complements batch‑oriented Hadoop by providing fault‑tolerant, low‑latency stream processing for massive, continuously generated data such as Twitter’s tweet firehose, and demonstrates its architecture, key features, and a simple MapReduce‑style code example.
This tutorial walks you through preparing the build environment, compiling APR, APR‑util and Apache httpd 2.4.9 on CentOS 6.6, configuring modules, adding environment variables, setting up CGI, compression and status pages, and verifying the installation with practical tests.
This guide walks through Apache httpd setup on CentOS, covering virtual host types (IP‑based, port‑based, name‑based), detailed configuration steps, access control methods for users and IPs, and enabling HTTPS with SSL certificates, complete with practical command examples and testing procedures.
The article examines the rise of high‑concurrency web connections, explains how richer front‑end interactions increase load, and presents a range of optimization techniques—from caching and request merging to server‑side memory and CPU reductions using Apache MPM modes, Nginx, and sendfile—to improve web service efficiency.
This article compares two Apache rewrite configurations, showing why the first correctly captures query parameters while the second does not, and explains the crucial role of the %{QUERY_STRING} variable in successful URL rewriting.
This article provides a comprehensive overview of the Hadoop family—detailing more than twenty open‑source projects, their core functions, and a structured learning roadmap to help developers master Hadoop, Hive, Pig, HBase, Zookeeper, Mahout, and related tools.
This article compares the core features, use cases, and performance characteristics of popular web and application servers—Apache, Tomcat, Jetty, Nginx, and JBoss—highlighting their distinctions in handling static versus dynamic content, scalability, and integration with Java and other technologies.
This guide lists the key performance monitoring metrics for popular web servers, application servers, databases, and caching systems, detailing throughput, connection counts, cache hit rates, memory usage, and other vital statistics needed to keep services running efficiently.
