This article explains the core components of a Von Neumann computer, how CPU, registers, cache and main memory interact, the mathematics of pipeline timing, cache locality, bus bandwidth calculation, I/O transfer methods (polling, interrupt and DMA), and the trade‑offs of RAID 0, 1, 5, 6 and 10 with concrete examples and formulas.
The article explains how the /sys/bus directory in the Linux sysfs virtual file system represents registered bus types, details its internal kernel structures such as struct bus_type, describes the bus registration and device‑driver matching process, and demonstrates practical inspection using NanoCode with concrete examples like USB storage devices.
This article walks through the full architecture of a modern bus and subway ticketing platform, covering functional and non‑functional requirements, core components, interaction flows, database schema, shortest‑path routing with Dijkstra, QR‑code generation in Go, and high‑concurrency strategies.
