Hardware Interface

OPPO Kernel Craftsman

Dec 24, 2021 · Fundamentals

Understanding SPI Protocol, Hardware Interface Design, Timing Diagram, and Linux Kernel Driver Framework

SPI is a high‑speed, full‑duplex serial bus using four pins (CS, SCK, MOSI, MISO) with configurable clock polarity and phase, whose timing diagram shows data transfer on clock edges, and Linux provides a driver framework built around spi_driver, spi_transfer, and spi_message structures for reliable sensor communication.

Device DriverEmbedded SystemsHardware Interface

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Understanding SPI Protocol, Hardware Interface Design, Timing Diagram, and Linux Kernel Driver Framework

OPPO Kernel Craftsman

Oct 16, 2020 · Fundamentals

Overview of USB Type‑C Interface, Data and Power Roles, and PD Charging Process

The USB‑Type C connector introduces a reversible plug with E‑Marker‑enabled cables, supports up to 10 Gb/s data and 100 W power delivery, negotiates data and power roles via the CC pins, and uses the USB‑PD protocol over those pins to dynamically select voltage‑current profiles for fast charging.

Charging ProtocolData RoleHardware Interface

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Overview of USB Type‑C Interface, Data and Power Roles, and PD Charging Process

Architects' Tech Alliance

Mar 25, 2020 · Fundamentals

Overview of PCIe 6.0 Specification and Its Evolution from PCIe 3.0 to 6.0

The article explains the rapid evolution of the PCIe bus standard—from the widely used PCIe 3.0 through PCIe 4.0 and 5.0 up to the upcoming PCIe 6.0—detailing version milestones, bandwidth improvements, signaling changes, backward compatibility, and its impact on hardware and AI workloads.

Computer ArchitectureHardware InterfaceHigh-Speed Bus

0 likes · 6 min read

Overview of PCIe 6.0 Specification and Its Evolution from PCIe 3.0 to 6.0

Architects' Tech Alliance

Nov 6, 2019 · Fundamentals

Understanding UART, RS-232, RS-422, and RS-485 Serial Communication Standards

This article explains the fundamentals of UART as a universal asynchronous receiver/transmitter, compares the electrical and protocol characteristics of RS-232, RS-422, and RS-485 standards, and discusses their performance, wiring, and application considerations in embedded and industrial systems.

Electrical StandardsHardware InterfaceRS-232

0 likes · 20 min read

Understanding UART, RS-232, RS-422, and RS-485 Serial Communication Standards

Qunar Tech Salon

Nov 17, 2017 · Fundamentals

General Purpose Input/Output (GPIO) Interface Overview and Usage Steps on Raspberry Pi

This article introduces the GPIO interface, explains how to configure pins for input or output, details the step‑by‑step process of opening connections, reading and monitoring inputs, writing outputs, and closing the connection, and provides a complete Raspberry Pi hardware demo with code and results.

Embedded SystemsGPIOHardware Interface

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General Purpose Input/Output (GPIO) Interface Overview and Usage Steps on Raspberry Pi