Architects' Tech Alliance

Oct 17, 2026 · Cloud Computing

Beyond the I/O Wall: NPO vs CPO for Scaling AI Interconnects Across Racks

As AI models approach trillion-parameter scale, copper interconnects in Scale-Up domains hit distance, signal integrity, and power limits, driving adoption of Near-Package Optics (NPO) as a near-term solution and Co-Packaged Optics (CPO) as the long-term standard for multi-rack GPU clusters.