Common Backend Code Smells and How to Prevent Over‑Engineering, Deep Inheritance, Excessive DTO Layers, Fake Interfaces, and Contract‑less Microservices
The article outlines common backend code smells such as over‑engineering, deep inheritance hierarchies, excessive DTO/VO layers, unnecessary interfaces, and contract‑less microservice designs, explains why they harm team efficiency and project quality, and provides concrete Java examples and best‑practice recommendations to avoid them.