Tagged articles

18 articles

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Mar 3, 2026 · Operations

How Exposing Hypervisor CPUID Doubles VM IOPS – Inside CPU Idle Strategies

An extensive performance investigation reveals that exposing the Hypervisor CPUID in virtual machines triggers a CPU idle policy shift from HLT to BusyPoll, halving VMEXIT latency and doubling sequential read/write IOPS, with detailed kernel analysis, perf data, code modifications, and practical optimization recommendations.

IOPSVirtualizationcpu-idle

0 likes · 11 min read

How Exposing Hypervisor CPUID Doubles VM IOPS – Inside CPU Idle Strategies

IT Services Circle

Dec 20, 2025 · Operations

How Windows Server 2025’s Native NVMe Boosts IOPS by Up to 80% and Cuts CPU Overhead

Microsoft’s Windows Server 2025 introduces native NVMe support that can increase IOPS by up to 80%, reduce latency, and save roughly 45% of CPU cycles on 4K random reads, with a manual registry tweak to enable the feature.

DirectStorageIOPSNVMe

0 likes · 5 min read

How Windows Server 2025’s Native NVMe Boosts IOPS by Up to 80% and Cuts CPU Overhead

Tech Stroll Journey

Oct 30, 2025 · Operations

How to Use fio to Measure Disk IOPS, Throughput, and Latency on Ubuntu

This guide explains how to install fio on Ubuntu 20.04, configure test environments, run IOPS and latency benchmarks with specific parameters, and interpret key metrics such as bandwidth, IOPS, slat, and clat to evaluate storage performance under high‑load and single‑request scenarios.

BenchmarkDisk PerformanceIOPS

0 likes · 7 min read

How to Use fio to Measure Disk IOPS, Throughput, and Latency on Ubuntu

MaGe Linux Operations

Jul 13, 2024 · Operations

Boosting etcd Write Performance on AWS: From gp2 Limits to GP3 and Beyond

This article details how a team evaluated and improved etcd cluster write performance on AWS by testing gp2 volume IOPS limits, using etcdctl and fio, upgrading to GP3, and analyzing latency and throughput to identify storage bottlenecks and achieve faster synchronization.

AWSGP3IOPS

0 likes · 9 min read

Boosting etcd Write Performance on AWS: From gp2 Limits to GP3 and Beyond

Liangxu Linux

Mar 7, 2024 · Operations

How Upgrading EBS Volumes Boosted etcd Write Performance by 30%

A technical deep‑dive shows how a team managing dozens of Kubernetes clusters diagnosed a write‑ahead‑log bottleneck in etcd, measured IOPS and latency with etcdctl and fio, upgraded gp2 volumes to gp3, and discovered diminishing returns beyond 3000 IOPS while explaining the role of fdatasync in storage performance.

AWSEBSIOPS

0 likes · 11 min read

How Upgrading EBS Volumes Boosted etcd Write Performance by 30%

MaGe Linux Operations

Jan 27, 2024 · Operations

Why Upgrading EBS Volumes Boosted etcd Write Performance—and What Still Limits It

This article details how upgrading AWS EBS volumes from gp2 to GP3 and adjusting instance types improved etcd cluster write throughput, analyzes IOPS bottlenecks using iostat and fio, and explains why further IOPS gains remain constrained by storage and OS caching.

AWSEBSGP3

0 likes · 11 min read

Why Upgrading EBS Volumes Boosted etcd Write Performance—and What Still Limits It

Practical DevOps Architecture

Nov 18, 2022 · Databases

Guidelines for MySQL Database Provisioning, Performance Tuning, and Load Testing

This article explains how Java architects should select appropriate MySQL database machine configurations, collaborate with DBAs for deployment, and conduct essential performance and load testing, covering QPS vs TPS, IOPS, throughput, latency, and other critical metrics for production environments.

Database ProvisioningIOPSLatency

0 likes · 10 min read

Guidelines for MySQL Database Provisioning, Performance Tuning, and Load Testing

Architects' Tech Alliance

Aug 21, 2022 · Fundamentals

Comparison of SSD Interfaces: SATA, SAS, and PCIe

This article examines how modern SSDs demand higher data rates and IOPS, compares the SATA, SAS, and PCIe storage interfaces, and discusses performance trade‑offs, compatibility considerations, and latency factors to help choose the most suitable interface for a given system.

IOPSPCIeSAS

0 likes · 10 min read

Comparison of SSD Interfaces: SATA, SAS, and PCIe

Architects' Tech Alliance

Nov 11, 2021 · Fundamentals

High‑Performance Storage with SPDK vhost in Didi Cloud Enhanced DC2

The article explains how Intel's SPDK and its vhost framework are used in Didi Cloud's Enhanced DC2 solution to achieve low‑latency, high‑IOPS NVMe storage by moving the NVMe driver to user space, eliminating locks and interrupts, and details the architecture, performance testing, and deployment considerations.

IOPSNVMeSPDK

0 likes · 9 min read

High‑Performance Storage with SPDK vhost in Didi Cloud Enhanced DC2

Big Data and Microservices

Aug 20, 2018 · Big Data

How Big Data Is Redefining Storage Architecture: Capacity, Latency, and Cost Challenges

The explosive growth of big‑data applications is forcing storage vendors to redesign architectures for petabyte‑scale capacity, real‑time latency, high IOPS, security compliance, and cost efficiency, while also addressing flexibility, data longevity, and the needs of both large and small users.

Big DataCost OptimizationIOPS

0 likes · 9 min read

How Big Data Is Redefining Storage Architecture: Capacity, Latency, and Cost Challenges

Architects' Tech Alliance

Aug 18, 2018 · Fundamentals

Understanding Disk I/O: From Read/Write Basics to RAID IOPS Calculations

This article comprehensively explains disk storage fundamentals—including read/write operations, random versus sequential access, queue and burst modes, IO size variability, IOPS metrics, RAID performance penalties, and response‑time behavior—providing practical formulas and guidelines for evaluating storage systems.

Disk I/OIO latencyIOPS

0 likes · 16 min read

Understanding Disk I/O: From Read/Write Basics to RAID IOPS Calculations

UCloud Tech

Jun 8, 2018 · Operations

How to Accurately Estimate Ceph Cluster IOPS Performance: Formulas and Factors

This article explains how to estimate Ceph storage cluster IOPS by analyzing replication, erasure coding, FileStore vs BlueStore, write amplification, and the impact of network and CPU resources, providing practical formulas for realistic performance planning.

CephIOPSdistributed storage

0 likes · 11 min read

How to Accurately Estimate Ceph Cluster IOPS Performance: Formulas and Factors

Architects' Tech Alliance

Nov 25, 2017 · Fundamentals

Deep Dive into IO Optimization and System Performance Tuning

This article explains how to evaluate storage performance by analyzing host ports, storage systems, and backend disks, discusses IO aggregation penalties, business workload models, RAID and cache impacts, and provides practical guidance for accurate performance assessment and tuning.

IO optimizationIOPSRAID

0 likes · 16 min read

Deep Dive into IO Optimization and System Performance Tuning

Meituan Technology Team

May 19, 2017 · Operations

Understanding Hard Disk Architecture and Performance Optimization

The article explains hard‑disk physical structure, how seek time, rotational latency and transfer rate determine IOPS and throughput, and describes Linux I/O stack optimizations—such as caching, scheduling, and append‑only or LSM‑tree designs—to mitigate random‑access bottlenecks and improve overall storage performance.

FilesystemI/O performanceIOPS

0 likes · 28 min read

Understanding Hard Disk Architecture and Performance Optimization

Architects' Tech Alliance

May 10, 2017 · Databases

Understanding Storage I/O Flow, Performance Metrics, and SQL Server I/O Types

This article explains the end‑to‑end storage I/O path, analyzes how each node contributes to overall latency, compares IOPS and throughput, and provides practical guidance on configuring storage for Microsoft SQL Server workloads.

I/OIOPSSQL Server

0 likes · 19 min read

Understanding Storage I/O Flow, Performance Metrics, and SQL Server I/O Types

360 Zhihui Cloud Developer

Apr 27, 2017 · Fundamentals

How to Process SSD Benchmark Logs and Analyze Performance Data

This article explains how to evaluate SSD performance by processing raw fio benchmark logs, interpreting bandwidth, IOPS, and latency metrics, converting logs to CSV, visualizing results with charts, and drawing practical conclusions for storage selection and reliability.

BenchmarkIOPSLatency

0 likes · 11 min read

How to Process SSD Benchmark Logs and Analyze Performance Data

Architects' Tech Alliance

Nov 7, 2016 · Operations

Understanding Disk I/O Performance, IOPS, and RAID Calculations

This article explains the basic concepts of disk read/write I/O operations, distinguishes random and sequential access, describes I/O size, IOPS calculation, RAID IOPS formulas, and provides guidance on evaluating storage performance for both individual disks and RAID arrays.

Disk I/OIOPSRAID

0 likes · 16 min read

Understanding Disk I/O Performance, IOPS, and RAID Calculations

Architects' Tech Alliance

Aug 28, 2016 · Operations

Calculating Backup Storage Capacity and Performance Requirements

This article explains how to calculate the required capacity and performance for backup storage media, covering assumptions about data volume, retention policies, full and incremental backups, deduplication ratios, RAID configurations, and provides formulas to size storage and IOPS for reliable disaster recovery.

BackupIOPSRAID

0 likes · 8 min read

Calculating Backup Storage Capacity and Performance Requirements