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Practical DevOps Architecture
Practical DevOps Architecture
Apr 29, 2025 · Fundamentals

Linux Routing Basics: Adding, Deleting Host, Network, and Default Routes

This article explains Linux routing fundamentals, describing how routing tables are used to select interfaces and next hops, detailing the six-step packet routing process, and providing step‑by‑step commands and examples for adding and removing host, network, and default routes on Linux systems.

IPLinuxNetwork
0 likes · 7 min read
Linux Routing Basics: Adding, Deleting Host, Network, and Default Routes
IT Services Circle
IT Services Circle
Dec 22, 2024 · Fundamentals

Understanding IP Packets, TTL, and Traceroute: Tracing the Path to GitHub

This article explains how IP packets are encapsulated, how TTL limits their lifespan, and how traceroute (or tracert) leverages TTL to reveal each network hop, illustrated with a step‑by‑step trace from a personal computer to GitHub’s servers.

GitHubIPRouting
0 likes · 10 min read
Understanding IP Packets, TTL, and Traceroute: Tracing the Path to GitHub
Tencent Cloud Developer
Tencent Cloud Developer
Aug 15, 2024 · Fundamentals

Understanding the End-to-End Process of a Web Request: IP, DNS, CDN, TCP, Protocol Design, CGI/FastCGI, Server Models, and Database Evolution

The article walks through every stage of a web request—from IPv4 addressing, NAT, and DNS resolution through CDN proximity and TCP stream handling, to HTTP framing, CGI versus FastCGI processing, stateless versus stateful server models, and finally database scaling techniques such as sharding and Redis caching.

CDNCGIDNS
0 likes · 21 min read
Understanding the End-to-End Process of a Web Request: IP, DNS, CDN, TCP, Protocol Design, CGI/FastCGI, Server Models, and Database Evolution
Java Tech Enthusiast
Java Tech Enthusiast
Apr 5, 2024 · Fundamentals

Understanding Loopback Addresses, Ping, and Why 127.0.0.1 Works Offline

The IPv4 loopback address 127.0.0.1 (also reachable via the hostname localhost) is reserved for internal communication, so pinging it never leaves the host and works even with the network cable unplugged, while 0.0.0.0 is an unspecified address used only for binding to all interfaces and cannot be pinged.

IPIPv4IPv6
0 likes · 13 min read
Understanding Loopback Addresses, Ping, and Why 127.0.0.1 Works Offline
IT Services Circle
IT Services Circle
Feb 18, 2023 · Fundamentals

Understanding TCP Connection Failures: Nonexistent IP and Unavailable Port Scenarios

This article explains what happens when a client attempts a TCP connection to an IP address that does not exist or to a valid IP where the target port is not listening, covering ARP failures, SYN retransmissions, RST responses, and the importance of solid networking fundamentals for interview preparation.

ARPIPInterview
0 likes · 6 min read
Understanding TCP Connection Failures: Nonexistent IP and Unavailable Port Scenarios
IT Services Circle
IT Services Circle
Jan 30, 2023 · Fundamentals

Understanding NAT, NAPT, and How Private IPs Communicate with the Public Internet

This article explains why home networks use private 192.168.x.x addresses, how NAT devices translate private to public IPs, the roles of SNAT and DNAT, the extension to NAPT with port translation, and techniques such as NAT traversal and hole punching that enable inbound connections from the Internet.

IPNATNAT Traversal
0 likes · 15 min read
Understanding NAT, NAPT, and How Private IPs Communicate with the Public Internet
Architects' Tech Alliance
Architects' Tech Alliance
Mar 19, 2022 · Fundamentals

Chiplet Technology: Trends, Benefits, and Challenges in Semiconductor IP

The article explains how chiplet technology, as a modular semiconductor IP solution, reduces design cost and time, expands market opportunities, and faces challenges such as standardization, packaging testing, and software integration, while outlining its market outlook and impact on business models.

ChipletIPIndustry Trends
0 likes · 9 min read
Chiplet Technology: Trends, Benefits, and Challenges in Semiconductor IP
IT Services Circle
IT Services Circle
Mar 17, 2022 · Fundamentals

Understanding IP‑to‑IP Communication and Ethernet Fundamentals

This article explains the layered structure of computer networks, the role of IP, TCP, HTTP and DNS, and dives into Ethernet basics, collision handling, switches, and how diverse networks interconnect to form the Internet, providing a comprehensive overview for developers.

EthernetIPTCP/IP
0 likes · 10 min read
Understanding IP‑to‑IP Communication and Ethernet Fundamentals
IT Services Circle
IT Services Circle
Feb 23, 2022 · Fundamentals

Understanding MAC Addresses, Switches, Routers, and Subnetting in Network Layers

This article explains how computers communicate over networks by introducing MAC addresses, the role of hubs and switches, the function of routers, IP addressing, subnet masks, ARP, and routing tables, illustrating the process of data transmission across different network layers.

ARPIPMAC address
0 likes · 19 min read
Understanding MAC Addresses, Switches, Routers, and Subnetting in Network Layers
Sohu Tech Products
Sohu Tech Products
Aug 11, 2021 · Fundamentals

Understanding How Computers Communicate: From IP and MAC to Routing, NAT and Beyond

This article explains the fundamental mechanisms of computer networking—including IP addressing, MAC addresses, ARP, DHCP, subnetting, routing, and NAT—using clear analogies and detailed diagrams to help readers grasp how data travels from one host to another across local and wide-area networks.

ARPDHCPIP
0 likes · 21 min read
Understanding How Computers Communicate: From IP and MAC to Routing, NAT and Beyond
Top Architect
Top Architect
Jun 20, 2021 · Backend Development

Implementing IP‑Based City Detection and Visit Counting in a Spring Backend

This article explains how to obtain a user's city from their IP address in a Java Spring backend, using the QQWry IP database, custom utility classes, and a login interceptor to count visits per city, with complete code examples and deployment considerations.

GeolocationIPInterceptor
0 likes · 6 min read
Implementing IP‑Based City Detection and Visit Counting in a Spring Backend
Full-Stack Internet Architecture
Full-Stack Internet Architecture
Apr 25, 2021 · Fundamentals

Configuring Linux Network: Files, Routing, IP/MAC Headers, and Common Connection Methods

This article explains how to configure Linux network interfaces, interpret configuration files, set up DNS and hosts, understand routing (static and dynamic), examine IP and MAC header structures, apply CIDR subnetting, differentiate private and public addresses, and choose common virtual networking methods such as bridge, NAT, and host‑only.

IPLinuxMAC
0 likes · 16 min read
Configuring Linux Network: Files, Routing, IP/MAC Headers, and Common Connection Methods
Full-Stack Internet Architecture
Full-Stack Internet Architecture
Feb 1, 2021 · Fundamentals

Configuring Linux Network, Routing, and IP Fundamentals

This article explains how to configure Linux network settings, describes the contents of key configuration files such as ifcfg, /etc/resolv.conf, and /etc/hosts, and introduces routing concepts, static and dynamic routes, gateways, IP/MAC headers, CIDR, and common virtual networking methods.

IPLinuxMAC
0 likes · 17 min read
Configuring Linux Network, Routing, and IP Fundamentals
360 Tech Engineering
360 Tech Engineering
Apr 19, 2019 · Fundamentals

OSI, IP, UDP Overview and Building a Local UDP Server/Client with Python

This article introduces the OSI model, IP and UDP protocols, explains the structure of IP and UDP packet headers, demonstrates how to create a simple UDP server and client in Python, and shows how to capture and analyze the traffic with Wireshark.

IPNetwork ProgrammingOSI model
0 likes · 10 min read
OSI, IP, UDP Overview and Building a Local UDP Server/Client with Python
360 Zhihui Cloud Developer
360 Zhihui Cloud Developer
Aug 25, 2016 · Fundamentals

How Does Your WeChat Message Reach Your Partner? Inside ARP Basics

This article uses a playful campus love story to illustrate how messages travel over a network, explaining the role of IP addresses, MAC addresses, broadcast domains, and the ARP protocol in translating an IP to a physical address so data can reach the recipient’s device.

ARPIPMAC
0 likes · 6 min read
How Does Your WeChat Message Reach Your Partner? Inside ARP Basics