This article explains Kubernetes container networking fundamentals, covering pod-to-pod communication, Linux network namespaces, veth pairs, bridges, and the various CNI plugins such as Flannel and Calico that enable cross‑host networking with overlay, routing, and underlay modes.
This article provides a detailed overview of Docker’s evolution, the role of containerd, runc, and CRI in modern container runtimes, explains how Docker delegates container lifecycle management to containerd‑shim, and offers step‑by‑step instructions for installing, configuring, and using containerd with its CLI tools on Linux.
This article recounts a real‑world Service outage, explains the purpose and principles of Kubernetes Services, details typical and selector‑less configurations, compares all Service types (ClusterIP, LoadBalancer, NodePort, ExternalName, Headless), and dives into the iptables‑based implementation used by kube‑proxy, complete with rule examples and performance considerations.
This article explains the background, features, and implementation details of OpenKruise's WorkloadSpread, showing how it distributes Pods across zones, node types, and CPU architectures, compares it with existing solutions, and provides concrete YAML examples for elastic and topology‑aware scheduling.
This article walks through the Kubernetes kubelet source code responsible for pod creation, detailing the syncLoop, syncLoopIteration, SyncHandler interface, pod operations, dispatchWork, UpdatePod, and the final SyncPod steps, providing code snippets and explanations to help developers understand the underlying mechanisms.
This guide explains how to use Velero to back up and restore Kubernetes clusters, covering its principles, backup types, storage configuration, installation of Velero and MinIO, and step‑by‑step commands for creating, testing, and recovering a MySQL workload.
This article explains the motivations behind choosing Loki over ELK for container‑cloud logging, details Loki's lightweight architecture—including Distributor, Ingester, and Querier components—covers deployment steps on OpenShift/Kubernetes with YAML manifests, and demonstrates LogQL query syntax for efficient log retrieval.
This article explains how Tigera’s Calico integrates the open‑source WireGuard VPN with Azure Kubernetes Service using Azure CNI, detailing packet flow, encryption benefits, configuration steps, MTU handling, and RPF considerations to achieve secure, high‑performance intra‑cluster communication.
This article provides a comprehensive overview of Kubernetes, covering its core features, resource‑estimation examples, evolution of service deployment models, the relationship between cloud and Kubernetes, cloud‑native principles, and a detailed look at its historical background and architectural components.
This guide walks you through preparing three Ubuntu 18.04 machines, building the yurtctl tool from the OpenYurt source, and using its init and join commands to create a control‑plane node, add cloud‑node and edge‑node workers, and verify component status in a fully functional OpenYurt cluster.
The article walks through diagnosing why a second Kubernetes cluster ignored the upload‑size setting, shows how to inspect the nginx‑ingress‑controller deployment, identify the --configmap argument, and fix the issue by updating the referenced ConfigMap name to nginx‑configuration.
This article explains how Kaniko, a Google‑open‑source tool, enables building and pushing container images without a privileged Docker daemon by comparing traditional Docker methods, highlighting security concerns, and providing a step‑by‑step demonstration with commands and verification in a Kubernetes‑friendly environment.
This session explains why Kubernetes monitoring is essential for end-to-end observability, describes the five data sources and layers it covers, and walks through discovering and locating architecture, performance, resource, scheduling, and network issues using topology, anomaly detection, and correlation techniques.
The second‑edition Kube‑OVN survey collected 267 valid responses from diverse industries, revealing increased container deployment on virtual machines, a rise in public‑cloud usage, a jump in Kube‑OVN adoption to 40%, growing demand for IPv6/dual‑stack and multi‑tenant networking, and user expectations centered on KubeVirt, VPC enhancements, and eBPF integration.
This comprehensive tutorial walks through preparing a CentOS 7 host, configuring hostnames, disabling swap and firewalls, installing Docker and Kubernetes components with kubeadm, setting up the master and worker nodes, deploying the flannel network plugin, testing with nginx, and installing the Kubernetes dashboard, all with detailed commands and troubleshooting tips.
This guide walks beginners through a structured learning path for Kubernetes, covering fundamentals, core components, key objects, controllers, storage, networking, resource management, security, cluster operations, backup, logging, monitoring, DevOps practices, and deeper topics like architecture, source code, and operator development.
Enterprises adopt hybrid multi‑cloud architectures driven by high‑profile security incidents and regulatory demands, leveraging Kubernetes multi‑cluster capabilities such as disaster recovery, latency reduction, isolation, fault containment, and vendor‑lock‑in avoidance, with solutions like Federation v1/v2 and KubeSphere illustrated through real‑world case studies.
This guide explains how kubectl interacts with the Kubernetes API, walks through command‑completion setup, custom column output, multi‑cluster and namespace switching, and shows how to extend kubectl with plugins such as kubectx, krew, and custom scripts, boosting productivity for cloud‑native workflows.
The article examines Docker’s shift to paid subscriptions, its missed partnership with Kubernetes, internal management conflicts, and how these strategic missteps have reshaped its role in the cloud‑native ecosystem, while exploring the future prospects under new leadership.
This article explains the classic three‑ and five‑state process models, Linux task_struct states, orphan and zombie processes, and how Docker and Kubernetes handle process IDs, providing practical solutions to prevent and clean up zombie processes in container environments.
This article analyzes why a company's Kubernetes clusters were constantly on the brink of failure and presents a comprehensive solution covering CI/CD pipeline reconstruction, federated monitoring with Prometheus, centralized logging via Elasticsearch, documentation centralization, and clarified request routing to achieve high reliability.
The article investigates a puzzling Kubernetes issue where using hostPort caused MySQL traffic to be redirected to the wrong pod, explains how iptables rules inserted by the CNI portmap plugin override Service rules, and provides reproducible experiments and practical recommendations to avoid such problems in production.
This article details how the Fluid CNCF project combined with JindoRuntime was used to overcome storage‑compute separation bottlenecks in an autonomous‑driving machine‑learning platform, achieving up to 300% faster training, reduced OSS bandwidth pressure, and higher GPU utilization through distributed caching on Kubernetes.
This guide explains how kubectl interacts with the Kubernetes API, demonstrates command‑completion setup for Bash, Zsh and macOS, shows how to view resource specifications, use custom‑column output, switch clusters and namespaces via kubeconfig or kubectx, and extend functionality with plugins such as krew.
This guide compares node-exporter, metric-server, and kube-state-metrics, explains their different focuses, and provides step‑by‑step instructions to deploy metric‑server, verify its API, and use kubectl top to monitor node and pod resource usage in a Kubernetes cluster.
GitOps automates infrastructure management by applying DevOps best practices such as version control, pull requests, and CI/CD pipelines to declarative infrastructure code, enabling reliable, observable, and secure deployments especially in Kubernetes‑based cloud‑native environments.
This article explains Kubernetes core concepts—including pods as container groups, how ReplicaSets maintain desired replica counts, Deployment's rolling update mechanism, and StatefulSet's approach to managing stateful services with persistent storage—providing a comprehensive guide for cloud‑native deployments.
This tutorial walks through preparing three CentOS 7.6 nodes, installing and configuring containerd, setting up kubeadm, kubelet, and kubectl, initializing a Kubernetes v1.22.1 control plane, adding worker nodes, deploying the Flannel CNI plugin, installing the Kubernetes Dashboard, and providing cleanup commands, all with detailed commands and configuration files.
This article explains what an error‑tracking system is, introduces Sentry, and provides a step‑by‑step guide to deploying Sentry on Kubernetes using Helm, OpenEBS storage, PostgreSQL, and configuring projects and alerts for effective monitoring.
This article explains how Kubernetes nodes schedule pods based on total capacity, why lacking resource reservations can cause node failures and cluster avalanches, and provides step‑by‑step guidance on configuring Node Allocatable, kube‑reserved, system‑reserved, and eviction settings to ensure stable cluster operation.
This guide outlines essential steps for scaling large Kubernetes clusters on public clouds, covering node quota adjustments, kernel parameter tuning, etcd high‑availability setup, API server and pod configurations, and best‑practice recommendations to ensure stable performance as node counts grow.
This article explains the principles behind Knative Autoscaler, compares Knative Pod Autoscaler (KPA) with Kubernetes Horizontal Pod Autoscaler (HPA), and provides step‑by‑step configuration and demo instructions for achieving true serverless scaling on Kubernetes.
Kube-OVN 1.8 introduces a re‑engineered Underlay with a new ProviderNetwork CRD supporting flexible NIC and VLAN mappings, achieves roughly 45% latency reduction through flow‑table and kernel optimizations, adds VPC security groups and service support, and bundles several other networking enhancements.
This guide compiles nineteen common Kubernetes problems—from certificate errors and service exposure failures to pod initialization issues and Helm installation errors—providing concise root‑cause analyses and step‑by‑step command solutions to help you quickly troubleshoot and resolve cluster disruptions.
This roundup covers Zoom's $100 million development fund investments, Docker Desktop's new subscription pricing, Databricks' $1.6 billion Series H financing, HashiCorp's multi‑cloud strategy survey, the KVSSD storage paper, and the upcoming Kubernetes Community Days in China.
In a September 2 live session, VEsoft’s developer evangelist presented Nebula Graph on Kubernetes, covering its evolution, NG 2.5.0 features, deployment steps, monitoring with Prometheus, Helm chart usage, and answered audience questions with practical links and resources.
OpenKruise v0.10.0 introduces major enhancements such as WorkloadSpread for flexible topology-aware pod distribution, PodUnavailableBudget that extends PDB protection to voluntary disruptions, CloneSet scaling rules based on topology, and Advanced StatefulSet’s maxUnavailable-driven streaming scale-out, all configurable via feature-gates.
This guide introduces beginners to containerization by explaining Docker’s core components, Linux kernel mechanisms, and networking, then progresses to Kubernetes, detailing its architecture, key objects such as Pods, Deployments, Services, and storage concepts, and how they orchestrate distributed container workloads.
This article walks through every component that processes a simple `kubectl run` command, from the client’s request parsing, through API‑server authentication, authorization, admission control, controller manager scheduling, to kubelet’s CRI and CNI handling that finally creates the pod and its containers.
Spring Native Beta introduces Maven and Gradle plugins and native‑configuration annotations that let Spring applications be compiled into GraalVM native images, enabling ultra‑fast startup, low memory usage, and container‑friendly executables for cloud‑native deployments.
Over the past year, the author chronicles a hands‑on journey from a fresh graduate to a cloud‑native specialist, detailing the design and implementation of an enterprise‑grade Kubernetes architecture—including multi‑cluster logging, CI/CD pipelines, Istio service mesh, monitoring, and private‑deployment strategies—while sharing practical lessons learned.
This article introduces the main container image building methods for environments using containerd, covering Docker‑outside‑Docker, DinD sidecars, DaemonSet deployment, and daemon‑less tools such as Kaniko and Jib, with detailed YAML examples and usage notes.
A 2021 Forrester survey of 422 Chinese developers reveals how cloud‑native technologies such as containers, Kubernetes and Serverless are reshaping development roles, boosting productivity, and driving a shift from traditional on‑premise coding to a fully cloud‑native, edge‑enabled ecosystem, while highlighting emerging challenges and opportunities.
This article explains the fundamental concepts of Kubernetes—including what pods are, how they manage related services, the underlying networking and storage mechanisms, and the roles of ReplicaSet, Deployment, and StatefulSet in scaling and updating both stateless and stateful applications.
This guide explains how to collect container logs with Kafka, deploy OpenFunction to process them serverlessly, write a Go handler that detects 404 errors, and send alerts to Slack, demonstrating a cost‑effective, scalable log‑processing solution on Kubernetes.
The article summarizes key insights from the 2021 GIAC Cloud Native conference, covering strategies to limit service explosion radius, SkyWalking-based Kubernetes event monitoring, Kuaishou's Service Mesh implementation, and Dubbogo 3.0's innovations such as proxyless mesh and adaptive throttling.
The article analyzes why a company's clusters were unstable—unstable release process, missing monitoring and logging, insufficient documentation, and unclear request routing—and proposes a comprehensive solution built around Kubernetes‑centric CI/CD, a federated Prometheus monitoring platform, Elasticsearch logging, centralized documentation, and Kong/Istio traffic management.
This article details Ctrip’s migration of its hotel direct‑connect service to AWS, describing the background challenges, cloud‑native architectural redesign with EKS, bandwidth and latency optimizations, use of spot instances, DNS caching, cross‑AZ traffic reduction, and the resulting performance and cost benefits.
This article explains how to investigate large numbers of evicted Kubernetes pods caused by disk pressure, examines the role of SkyWalking log files stored in EmptyDir volumes, and provides both temporary and permanent solutions to free space and prevent future evictions.
This tutorial walks through preparing three CentOS 7.6 nodes, disabling firewalls and SELinux, configuring sysctl and ipvs, installing containerd and its dependencies, generating containerd and kubeadm configurations, initializing the control plane, adding worker nodes, deploying the Flannel CNI plugin and Kubernetes Dashboard, and finally cleaning up the cluster.
This step‑by‑step tutorial shows how to set up a two‑node Kubernetes cluster, install OpenYurt, deploy the eKuiper edge stream‑processing engine and its manager UI on the cloud node, and configure a Yurt tunnel so the cloud dashboard can securely manage eKuiper instances running on the edge node.
The article details how Sany Group, China’s largest construction‑machinery maker, built a cloud‑native technical mid‑platform based on Kubernetes, DevOps and micro‑service governance—described as the “3+1+N” model—to overcome legacy system constraints, achieve high‑availability, improve development agility, and drive its broader digital transformation.
This guide walks through installing kubectl on an EC2 instance, configuring the kubeconfig to point to a specific Amazon EKS cluster, and verifying the setup by listing cluster nodes, providing all commands and expected outputs.
This article explains the motivation behind choosing Grafana Loki over ELK for container‑cloud logging, details Loki's lightweight architecture and components, provides step‑by‑step OpenShift deployment instructions, and introduces LogQL syntax for efficient log queries.
Quick-Debug provides a lightweight solution for developers to instantly debug applications running in Kubernetes by uploading compiled binaries directly to pods via a NodePort service, eliminating the need for repeated image rebuilds and deployments.
This article reviews the evolution of software delivery, explains cloud‑native concepts, architecture principles, and key technologies such as containers, Kubernetes, micro‑services, serverless and service mesh, and then examines how JD.com’s iPaaS platform aligns with and advances cloud‑native practices.
This article shares practical standards for Kubernetes operations—including infrastructure, application, artifact, and CI/CD guidelines—to help teams simplify management, improve reliability, and foster continuous learning and sharing in fast‑moving cloud environments.
Clusternet is an open‑source cloud‑native Kubernetes multi‑cluster management project that enables seamless registration, synchronization, and deployment of applications across public, private, hybrid, or edge clusters using lightweight agents and hubs, supporting various sync modes, RBAC, and kubectl plugins.
This roundup covers Linux’s 30‑year milestone, Facebook’s Horizon Workrooms VR collaboration platform, Elon Musk’s humanoid robot plans, the metaverse debate, Spark’s Sky Computing vision, KubeSphere’s Kubernetes architecture, and ZFS storage pool design, offering concise insights into each breakthrough.
This article explains the differences between hardware and system clocks, how Linux manages time zones, why container images often have incorrect default time zones, and provides multiple practical methods—including Dockerfile settings, volume mounts, environment variables, PodPreset, and libfaketime—to correctly set or adjust time in Docker and Kubernetes environments.
KubeSphere builds a cloud‑native container management system atop Kubernetes, offering multi‑cloud, multi‑cluster management, declarative APIs, and RBAC‑based permission control through its core components ks‑console, ks‑apiserver, and ks‑controller‑manager, while leveraging CustomResources, controllers, and Go‑restful for extensible, secure operations.
This article explains the limitations of a traditional Prometheus‑based monitoring stack for Kubernetes, demonstrates how integrating Thanos improves metric retention, scalability, and storage cost, and provides a complete multi‑cluster deployment example with Terraform and Helm configurations.
NetEase Media details its year‑long journey building a cloud‑native container platform—covering foundational concepts, a robust infrastructure framework, Kubernetes deployment, solutions to pre‑containerization challenges, and practical best practices such as graceful shutdowns, health probes, and resource‑limit configurations.
The article outlines the latest OCM 0.4.0 release—including addon registration, a new Placement API with YAML examples, the alpha‑stage clusteradm CLI—while previewing the 0.5.0 roadmap, integrations with KubeVela, ArgoCD, Clusternet, and real‑world deployments on Alibaba Cloud.
The article chronicles a SaaS team's evolution from a two‑person monolithic application to a microservice‑based, containerized architecture, detailing API design, CI/CD practices, Spring Cloud and Kubernetes integration, automated deployment, tracing, and monitoring strategies.
This article provides a comprehensive overview of Apache Flink's major releases from version 1.7 through 1.12, detailing new functionalities such as Scala 2.12 support, state schema evolution, Blink planner integration, Kubernetes native deployment, Python (PyFlink) enhancements, and numerous performance and stability improvements for stream and batch processing.
This article presents a comprehensive design for a high‑availability message center that targets 10,000 messages per second inbound throughput and 1,000 messages per second outbound delivery, detailing technical goals, functional requirements, technology selection, architectural diagrams, and implementation guidelines using RocketMQ, Elasticsearch, Spring Cloud Gateway, MySQL, Docker, and Kubernetes.
This guide provides a comprehensive walkthrough of Prometheus fundamentals, component architecture, deployment patterns, node‑exporter setup, Grafana integration, kube‑state‑metrics, and detailed Alertmanager configuration for Kubernetes monitoring.
This guide explains what a CustomResourceDefinition (CRD) is, shows how to create a CRD and corresponding custom resources with YAML files, and walks through deploying the MongoDB Kubernetes Operator, including namespace setup, PersistentVolume and PersistentVolumeClaim configuration, and troubleshooting steps.
This article walks through the complete internal journey of a `kubectl run nginx --image=nginx --replicas=3` command, detailing how the request is validated, authenticated, authorized, processed by the API server, passed through initializers, scheduled, and finally materialized as running pods by kubelet, with code excerpts from Kubernetes v1.21.
This article reviews the current state of Kubernetes horizontal and vertical autoscaling, compares HPA, VPA, and KNative KPA, discusses their limitations, and proposes short‑ and long‑term ideas for a more dynamic, low‑ops scheduling system.
This guide explains how to use k0s and its automation tool k0sctl to install a Kubernetes cluster in a fully offline environment, covering basic installation, HA architecture with an external load balancer, custom CNI integration, certificate management, backup and restore, and advanced features such as storage replacement and user management.
This article surveys eleven essential open‑source tools for Kubernetes, grouping them into three categories—running clusters, accelerating feedback loops, and enriching IDE experiences—while explaining each tool’s purpose, key features, and practical usage tips for developers and operators.
This article explains the recent US export restrictions on Docker, highlights the need for open‑source replacements, and provides detailed overviews of ten prominent Docker alternatives—including Podman, LXC, RKT, OpenVZ, Rancher, Nanobox, Singularity, Kubernetes, OpenShift, and Apache Mesos—covering their key capabilities, security aspects, and platform support.
This article explains the evolution and inner workings of Kubernetes container runtimes, detailing the roles of CRI, OCI, Docker, containerd, CRI‑O, and strong‑isolation solutions like Kata, gVisor, and Firecracker, and why the default dockershim remains prevalent.
This article provides a comprehensive guide to Kubernetes Scheduler, covering its architecture, extension points, API, node affinity, taints and tolerations, scheduling bottlenecks, priority classes, and performance tuning techniques to optimize pod placement in large clusters.
This article chronicles SegmentFault's evolution from a single‑instance VPS to a cloud‑native platform on KubeSphere, explaining why Kubernetes was chosen, how front‑end/back‑end separation reshaped the system, and the operational lessons learned for cost‑effective, automated deployments.
Discover 11 essential open-source Kubernetes tools—ranging from environment setup and feedback loops to IDE extensions—that streamline cluster management, simplify testing, and enhance developer productivity, helping both newcomers and seasoned engineers master cloud-native workflows.
This guide explains how to safely switch a Kubernetes cluster's container runtime from Docker to containerd by putting nodes into maintenance mode, updating configuration files, restarting services, verifying the change, and then using crictl for efficient container and pod management, including command comparisons and log handling.
The article describes how a bank built a Kubernetes‑based, containerized MySQL service platform (CDD) to improve database high availability, resource utilization, automated operations, and agile delivery by addressing network, storage, scheduling, and management challenges through custom networking, hybrid storage, scheduler extensions, and multi‑AZ deployment.
This article walks through installing Cilium as a CNI on a Kubernetes v1.21.3 cluster, disabling kube-proxy, and verifying network connectivity with an Nginx deployment, providing commands, configuration details, and validation steps for a kube‑proxy‑free setup.
This guide outlines practical steps for maintaining Kubernetes nodes, configuring pods, standardizing logging, and implementing effective monitoring and alerting to ensure stable, secure, and observable workloads in production environments.
The article examines Kuaishou Y‑tech's server‑side effects platform, detailing its background, technical challenges, exploration of open‑source workflow and serverless frameworks, architectural adjustments for non‑blocking APIs, and future development directions while highlighting recruitment opportunities.
The Sysdig 2021 report analyzes container usage across thousands of customers, highlighting the most popular open‑source services, the rise of Go and Prometheus, container density and image size trends, alert strategies, and detailed Kubernetes adoption patterns in cloud‑native environments.
This article explores how Kubernetes, enhanced by KubeSphere and serverless technologies, enables efficient AI workloads through GPU virtualization, multi‑cluster management, secure data sandboxes, automated testing, and scalable storage, illustrating a complete lifecycle from data ingestion to model inference.
This article explains the design, model, and practical usage of Alibaba's open‑source ChaosBlade and its platform chaosblade‑box, detailing how a unified chaos experiment model enables scalable, multi‑environment fault injection for cloud‑native systems and improves high‑availability testing.
The 2021 Sysdig report analyzes millions of containers to uncover short lifespans, shifting runtime choices, rising use of Prometheus, prevalent security misconfigurations, image‑scanning practices, and emerging threats, offering actionable insights for organizations managing cloud‑native workloads.
This article describes Qunar's multi‑year adoption of chaos engineering for microservice stability, covering tool selection, system architecture, fault‑injection workflows, challenges in container migration, strong/weak dependency automation, open‑source contributions, and plans for automated random chaos experiments.
Kubernetes 1.22, released on August 4, introduces major changes including removal of numerous deprecated APIs, a new Pod Security Admission controller, GA of client‑go credential plugins, Server‑Side Apply, enhanced memory QoS, Windows HostProcess containers, and updates to the release cycle and many other features.
This guide explains what Tekton is, outlines its core CRDs, shows how to deploy it on a Kubernetes cluster, and provides a step‑by‑step example that builds, containers, and deploys a Spring Boot application using Maven, Docker, and Tekton pipelines.
This article explains how to deploy the ChaosBlade Operator on a KubeSphere cluster, define and run various chaos experiments—such as CPU overload, network latency, packet loss, and process kill/stop—against RadonDB MySQL containers, and verify the impact to improve system resilience and fault‑tolerance.
This guide explains what Kubernetes is, compares container and host deployments, details the master‑node and worker‑node components, describes pod health‑checking probes and their parameters, outlines rolling‑update controls, image pull policies, restart policies, version rollback commands, label usage, DaemonSet behavior, pod lifecycle, service concepts, and data‑persistence options.
This article details New Oriental's approach to building stateful services on Kubernetes, covering the challenges of native storage, the use of custom Operators, the design of the XLSS local storage solution, backup and disaster‑recovery workflows, and a multi‑phase roadmap for large‑scale stateful middleware deployment.
Kubernetes 1.22 introduces 53 enhancements—including 14 GA features, 24 beta and 16 alpha updates—while deprecating three APIs, and it adds robust storage‑volume capabilities that address data loss and sharing challenges by integrating NFS, Ceph and other persistent back‑ends.
This article traces the evolution of software architecture from monolithic applications through vertical, distributed, and microservice stages to service mesh, compares SOA with microservices, contrasts Spring Cloud and Dubbo, examines their overlap with Kubernetes, and outlines the benefits and challenges of adopting a service mesh like Istio.
This comprehensive guide walks you through the CNCF cloud‑native panorama, breaking down its four layers—Provisioning, Runtime, Orchestration & Management, and Application Definition—while also covering platform solutions and observability tools, helping engineers choose the right technologies for modern cloud‑native applications.
This article explains how traditional host‑based Nginx reverse‑proxy configurations compare with the nginx‑ingress controller running as a pod in Kubernetes, detailing their setup, deployment YAML, ingress resources, and generated Nginx configuration for exposing services.
After two years of migrating from Ansible to Kubernetes, we share the hard‑won lessons on why we moved, the challenges of operating a production cluster, decisions on monitoring, logging, CI/CD, security, cost, and how we built an internal platform to streamline development.
This article outlines a backend messaging center architecture that targets 10,000 messages per second inbound via RocketMQ, 1,000 messages per second outbound to third‑party platforms, and ensures 100% high availability using Spring Cloud Gateway, Kubernetes, Elasticsearch, and related technologies.
This guide explains how to allocate CPU and memory to containers and pods in Kubernetes, clarifies resource units, demonstrates practical Deployment, ResourceQuota, and LimitRange configurations with YAML examples, and lists useful tools for monitoring and enforcing resource constraints.
