Even though a gateway performs unified authentication and injects user information into request headers, microservices must still execute a second layer of authorization to verify data ownership, enforce business rules, and protect against internal threats, following a zero‑trust security model.
Clusters, distributed systems, and microservices are often confused, but this article clarifies each concept with simple analogies, outlines the problems they solve, shows their hierarchical relationship, and provides practical guidelines for choosing the right approach in real-world projects.
When a business service needs an API that should only be callable within the internal network, this article evaluates three approaches—microservice isolation, gateway‑Redis whitelist, and gateway‑AOP—and demonstrates a concrete AOP implementation to enforce intranet‑only access.
This guide explains how to build a configurable Java scheduling microservice using the Quartz framework, covering task entity CRUD integration, a utility class for creating, updating, pausing, and deleting jobs, and concrete code examples that demonstrate building JobDetails, CronTriggers, and invoking the scheduler.
The article analyzes why a Spring Boot microservice may start and then terminate instantly without logs, covering JVM memory misconfiguration, dependency conflicts, configuration file errors, and compatibility issues, and provides step‑by‑step diagnostic commands, code examples, and practical remediation strategies.
This guide walks you through automating the full lifecycle of a Spring Cloud microservice—from pushing code to Git, configuring Jenkins pipelines with SSH keys, building with Maven, packaging into Docker images, pushing to a registry, and finally deploying and updating the service on Kubernetes—all with step‑by‑step commands and scripts.
A detailed cost analysis shows that developing a custom enterprise microservice framework can require 100‑150 person‑months and cost up to 12 million CNY, making it roughly fifteen times more expensive than adopting mature open‑source solutions, while also incurring higher maintenance, personnel, time, and risk expenses.
This article introduces the design of a standalone notification‑system microservice, covering its functional requirements, conceptual and logical data models, and key workflow diagrams to guide implementation in Java‑based internet projects.
This article analyzes the high coupling caused by multiple backend controllers and third‑party push interfaces, then proposes a dedicated TPS microservice that encapsulates third‑party calls via Feign, standardizes parameters, and reduces code duplication for frontend and backend systems.
The article explains how high coupling caused by multiple front‑end controllers and repetitive back‑end push‑service code can be eliminated by introducing a dedicated TPS microservice that encapsulates third‑party integrations and exposes a unified Feign interface for all business systems.
This article presents ByteDance's compile‑time microservice merging technique, describing its background, performance benefits, technical challenges such as dependency isolation and call conversion, the implemented solutions, selection criteria, large‑scale impact, and future directions for service architecture governance.
Learn how to create a simple, high‑performance Rust microservice using Actix‑web, Serde, and SQLite, covering environment setup, project structure, core code for CRUD operations, and testing commands, while highlighting Rust’s memory safety, speed, and low runtime overhead.
The article analyzes coupling problems caused by multiple backend controllers and third‑party push interfaces, proposes a dedicated TPS microservice to encapsulate third‑party calls, demonstrates Feign integration with Java code examples, and concludes with a summary of benefits and further considerations.
This article explains why monitoring is vital for microservice architectures, outlines the core metrics such as performance, health, tracing, and resource usage, and reviews popular monitoring frameworks like Prometheus, Grafana, Zipkin, and the ELK Stack.
This article explains the role of a microservice registration center, its core principles and workflow, and compares popular frameworks such as Eureka, Nacos, Zookeeper, and Consul to help you select the most suitable solution for your architecture.
This article presents a practical solution to overcome login obstacles in UI and HTTP API automation by converting short‑lived cookies into permanent ones through a micro‑service, enabling continuous end‑to‑end automated testing without manual re‑login.
This article explains how to build a highly reusable shared order service by clearly defining its boundaries, abstracting its internal data model and interfaces, and handling order status management with both main and sub‑status mechanisms, while avoiding tight coupling with other services.
This article details the requirements analysis, design approach, database schema, and step‑by‑step implementation of a follow/unfollow microservice using MySQL for persistence and Redis Sets for efficient set operations, including Maven dependencies, Spring Boot configuration, RedisTemplate setup, service, controller, and testing of common‑follow queries.
This article explains how to design and implement a friend/follow microservice using MySQL for persistence and Redis sets for efficient set operations, covering database schema, Spring Boot configuration, Redis template setup, service and controller logic, and testing of follow, unfollow, and mutual‑follow features.
This article explains how to design and implement a friend follow microservice by combining MySQL for persistent storage with Redis sets for efficient follow/unfollow operations and mutual follow queries, covering database schema, Maven dependencies, Spring Boot configuration, RedisTemplate setup, service and controller logic, and testing procedures.
After moving to a new team lacking a dedicated gateway, the author evaluates two popular microservice gateway solutions—Spring Cloud Gateway and Apache APISIX—comparing their features, cloud‑native capabilities, performance, and ease of use, ultimately selecting Spring Cloud Gateway for its Java ecosystem and extensibility.
This article explains how the PIG microservice platform v3.5 adds official Spring Authorization Server support, covering background, Java compatibility, Maven dependency configuration, extended grant types, Redis token storage, token formatting and enhancement, and customized resource server introspection for a seamless OAuth2 migration.
This article describes how Sohu Intelligent Media built a microservice tracing system using Zipkin for data collection and StarRocks for storage and analysis, covering architecture, data model, ingestion pipeline, SQL analytics, performance monitoring, and future improvements.
This article analyzes a persistent full‑GC and CPU spike issue in a Dubbo microservice gateway, tracing the root cause to repeated Zookeeper subscriptions caused by timestamp‑varying URLs and offering a simple fix by disabling reference checks.
This guide walks you through IntelliJ IDEA 2021’s revamped Profiler, the new microservice call‑graph analysis for Spring Boot, Micronaut and Quarkus, the Docker‑based run configurations, and the built‑in JSONPath expression debugger, showing how to leverage each feature to improve development efficiency.
This tutorial demonstrates how to create a Micronaut microservice, compile it into a GraalVM Native Image, and apply advanced optimizations such as G1 GC, profile‑guided compilation, and UPX packing to achieve faster startup, lower memory usage, and higher throughput in cloud environments.
This article presents a comprehensive design guide for a microservice gateway, covering functional aspects such as routing, load‑balancing, aggregation, authentication, rate limiting, circuit breaking, and retries, as well as non‑functional concerns like high performance, high availability, scalability, extensibility, and observability.
This article outlines a comprehensive design for a microservice API gateway, covering functional aspects such as routing, load balancing, aggregation, authentication, rate limiting, circuit breaking, caching, retries, and logging, as well as non‑functional concerns like high performance, high availability, scalability, and monitoring, with practical implementation options and recommendations.
The article explains the importance of microservice monitoring and presents a five‑level monitoring hierarchy—from infrastructure to end‑user experience—along with five essential monitoring aspects and a typical architecture using agents, message queues, ELK, and time‑series databases to ensure reliable, observable services.
The article explores multiple expert perspectives on how to split monolithic applications into microservices, discussing vertical and horizontal decomposition, business logic, stability, reliability, performance, team size, and practical trade‑offs to guide architects in designing scalable, maintainable systems.
After reviewing cross‑platform options, the article explains why Flutter was chosen for HelloBike, describes its microservice‑based architecture using containerized Flutter modules, introduces the Sparrow framework for standardized development, plugin design, native‑Dart integration, and outlines future enhancements for stability and dynamic features.
This article examines the performance problems of a custom microservice gateway—including high CPU usage and frequent Full GCs—detailing root‑cause analysis, trie‑based URL routing, regex optimization, and further architectural improvements to enhance scalability and reliability.
