This comprehensive guide explains why server monitoring is essential, details the concept of high‑availability "nines", walks through Zabbix installation, web UI setup, custom item creation, trigger configuration, alert integration, distributed monitoring, SNMP support, and practical scripts for managing large‑scale server farms.
This article explains how MySQL COUNT() works under different storage engines, why counting rows becomes slow on large InnoDB tables, and presents practical methods such as using EXPLAIN rows, auxiliary count tables, batch processing, and transaction‑based updates to obtain approximate or exact row counts efficiently.
Drawing from three and a half years of operations experience, this guide outlines practical online operation standards, data protection strategies, security measures, daily monitoring, performance tuning tips, and the right mindset to avoid costly incidents and ensure stable, secure systems.
A seasoned operations professional shares personal experiences and hard‑earned insights on why traditional monitoring often becomes ineffective, how over‑automation and noisy dashboards hurt teams, and what a capability‑focused, user‑centric approach to observability should look like.
The article presents an Indicator Testing Platform that automates metric validation—covering timeliness, completeness, accuracy, and consistency—through model‑level comparison, regression, online monitoring, and TDD‑style testing, dramatically reducing manual effort and enabling rapid detection and correction of data quality issues across thousands of business indicators.
This article systematically outlines the design, components, data flow, and evolution of Vivo’s server‑side monitoring system, covering data collection, transmission, storage with OpenTSDB, visualization, alerting mechanisms, and comparisons with other monitoring solutions.
Learn practical methods to boost server performance by selecting appropriate hardware configurations, analyzing CPU, memory, disk I/O and network loads, and fine‑tuning kernel parameters such as file limits and TCP settings, with step‑by‑step commands and monitoring tools like htop, iostat, and nload.
This comprehensive guide walks you through Prometheus fundamentals, including metric exposure, scraping, storage, querying with PromQL, custom exporter creation in Go, dynamic configuration reloading, and visualizing data with Grafana, while also covering alerting with Alertmanager and best practices for accurate histogram bucket design.
This article explains how to integrate Alibaba's Druid database connection pool into a Spring Boot application, covering Maven dependencies, YAML configuration, built‑in filters, monitoring pages, ad removal techniques, and programmatic access to Druid statistics for comprehensive backend performance management.
This article details Kuaishou’s real‑time data warehouse architecture and its comprehensive assurance framework—including forward lifecycle standards, reverse fault‑injection testing, and Spring Festival event practices—highlighting challenges of massive traffic, high timeliness, accuracy, and stability, and outlining future plans for automation, batch‑stream integration, and cost reduction.
The article details Ant Group’s AntMonitor observability platform, covering its development timeline, holographic monitoring capabilities, integrated performance analysis, efficient data integration, built‑in AI‑driven analytics, Monitoring‑as‑a‑Service, and the underlying high‑performance time‑series database and cloud‑native architecture that support massive real‑time data processing.
This article provides a detailed overview of Prometheus, covering its architecture, metric exposure, scraping models, storage format, metric types, custom exporter implementation in Go, PromQL query language, built‑in functions, Grafana integration, and alerting with Alertmanager, offering practical code examples throughout.
This article presents a step‑by‑step tutorial on designing a simple front‑end/back‑end separated microservice system, implementing it with Spring Boot, deploying it on Kubernetes, and enhancing reliability with multi‑instance registration, monitoring, logging, tracing, and traffic control mechanisms.
This article explains the motivations behind Site Reliability Engineering (SRE), outlines its strategic goals, defines key concepts such as SLI, SLO, SLA and error budget, introduces the four golden metrics for monitoring distributed systems, and provides practical guidance on building, operating, and continuously improving an SRE practice.
This guide walks through designing a simple Java Spring Boot microservice architecture, implementing the services, deploying them on a Kubernetes cluster with Eureka registration, adding Prometheus‑Grafana monitoring, configuring logging, tracing, and flow‑control, and validating high availability using real‑time dashboards and tools like Lens.
This article provides a detailed overview of Prometheus, covering its architecture, metric exposure and scraping models, data model, metric types, configuration reload, PromQL query language, custom exporters, Grafana integration, and Alertmanager alerting, with practical code examples and best‑practice tips.
This guide introduces thirteen practical Linux operations tools—from network bandwidth monitors like Nethogs to security scanners such as NMap—providing concise descriptions, installation commands, and usage tips to help system administrators efficiently manage and secure their servers.
This article explains how to design clear and consistent API error codes and messages by borrowing the segmentation logic of HTTP status codes, defining code‑message pairs, providing personalized user‑facing messages, and centralizing handling for monitoring and alerting, ultimately reducing communication and maintenance costs.
This article details InnoLive's migration from Open‑Falcon to the Nightingale monitoring platform, describing the pain points of their previous system, the selection process, deployment architecture, collection practices, and the substantial cost and performance benefits achieved.
This article explains the background, benefits, and measurement criteria of Kubernetes Horizontal‑Pod‑Autoscaler (HPA), describes the creation of metric tables and SQL queries for collecting scaling events and CPU usage, and presents a Python‑based workflow that aggregates the data, stores daily reports, validates results, and sends automated email summaries.
This article describes how the Haodafu offline push service grew from a simple PHP notification tool into a robust, highly‑available micro‑service platform by redesigning architecture, adopting vendor push channels, adding message‑queue reliability, implementing comprehensive monitoring, observability, and a fault‑diagnosis platform to ensure delivery rates and operational stability.
This article compiles a comprehensive list of over a hundred Linux, networking, load‑balancing, database, caching, monitoring, container and cloud‑native interview questions, providing candidates with essential knowledge to ace system‑administration and DevOps job interviews.
This article recounts a three‑day image‑upload outage in a mini‑program, analyzes the multi‑layer causes, and shows how combining Metrics‑Driven Development with SRE and a custom observability platform dramatically reduces diagnosis time and improves reliability.
This article details the design, challenges, and solutions behind Prism, a self‑built front‑end monitoring platform that collects multi‑device SDK data, processes it through Kafka, Flink and ClickHouse, visualizes metrics, integrates with A/B testing, and outlines future enhancements for broader enterprise adoption.
This article describes Vivo's practical experience building a cloud‑native monitoring system for large‑scale container clusters, covering the shortcomings of traditional monitoring, the Prometheus‑centric ecosystem, high‑availability architecture, challenges faced, and future directions such as automation and AI‑driven operations.
This article compares Prometheus and Zabbix, outlining their histories, architectures, data storage models, configuration complexity, scalability, and suitability for traditional versus cloud-native environments, helping readers decide which monitoring solution best fits their infrastructure needs.
This article outlines a comprehensive approach to handling call‑center incidents, covering fault boundary definition, emergency recovery actions, rapid root‑cause localization, enhanced monitoring strategies, clear alerting, proactive automation, and the creation of concise, regularly exercised emergency response plans.
This article provides a step‑by‑step tutorial on installing and configuring Spring Boot Admin, including Maven dependencies, server and client setup, YML properties, security, Nacos registration, email notifications, custom health indicators, and Micrometer metrics to monitor Spring Boot services.
This article outlines a comprehensive roadmap for adopting microservice architecture, describing its benefits, core concepts, and essential tools such as Docker, container orchestration, API gateways, load balancing, service discovery, event buses, logging, monitoring, tracing, persistence, caching, and cloud providers.
Architects should treat system capacity like a pre‑flight checklist, using this comprehensive guide to monitor resource usage across services, databases, and queues, and to define business metrics and state‑machine indicators that reveal bottlenecks and guide scaling decisions.
This guide details a call‑center system fault scenario and provides a step‑by‑step approach for operations teams to identify symptoms, assess impact, implement rapid recovery actions, improve monitoring, and maintain an effective emergency response plan, ensuring faster resolution and long‑term fault self‑healing.
This article details NetEase Interactive Entertainment's adoption of Apache Doris for large‑scale game data analytics, covering background, Doris architecture, cluster governance, tablet and compaction tuning, scaling strategies, monitoring, alerting, and fault‑handling practices to improve performance and stability.
This article details Huolala's systematic approach to improving iOS app startup performance, covering metric definitions, monitoring setup, tool usage, optimization techniques across launch phases, long‑tail handling, anti‑degradation measures, and the resulting performance gains.
This article explains how to describe current system load, choose appropriate load parameters, analyze Twitter's scaling challenges, compare relational and push‑based timeline designs, clarify latency versus response time, emphasize percentile monitoring, and evaluate vertical versus horizontal scaling and hybrid approaches for handling increasing traffic.
This article walks readers through the complete lifecycle of a microservice system—from architectural design and Java Spring Boot implementation to Kubernetes deployment, high‑availability setup, monitoring with Prometheus/Grafana, tracing with Zipkin, and flow‑control with Sentinel—providing practical code snippets and step‑by‑step instructions.
The article outlines a comprehensive approach to diagnosing, responding to, and preventing call‑center system failures by describing typical fault scenarios, step‑by‑step recovery actions, monitoring enhancements, emergency plan components, and continuous improvement strategies for operations teams.
This article provides a comprehensive overview of CPU architecture, explains key monitoring metrics, compares CPU‑intensive and I/O‑intensive workloads, presents experimental results on thread‑count tuning, and walks through real‑world case studies of CPU bottleneck diagnosis and optimization.
Prometheus is an open‑source monitoring system that scrapes metrics from services or exporters, stores them in a time‑series database, lets users query with PromQL, visualizes data via its web UI or Grafana, and sends alerts through Alertmanager, supporting custom Go metrics, various discovery methods, and four metric types.
This article details a practical, semi‑automated monitoring solution for environments with fewer than 500 nodes, covering active monitoring concepts, Prometheus data modeling, service‑framework instrumentation, data scraping and visualization with Grafana, and alert handling via AlertManager.
This guide compiles practical Linux one‑liners for sorting directories by size, listing subdirectories, monitoring disk usage changes, removing unwanted .svn folders, checking inode and partition statistics, and measuring read/write performance, providing sysadmins with quick, actionable tools.
This article details Meituan's journey from rapid database growth and operational bottlenecks to a multi‑year roadmap that combines platform‑level monitoring, rule‑based and AI‑enhanced root‑cause analysis, and automated remediation, ultimately delivering measurable improvements in alert accuracy, recall rates, and overall database reliability.
This article explains how to design clear, consistent API return codes and messages by referencing HTTP status codes, defining code‑message pairs, supporting personalized messages for different clients, and using unified handling for monitoring and alerting, ultimately improving communication and maintenance costs.
This guide explains how Zabbix agent monitors Linux and Windows systems, compares active and passive modes, and provides detailed optimization tips for OS metrics, CPU, memory, filesystem, Windows services, performance counters, and event logs, including alarm suppression and macro usage.
This article explains the design of a multi‑tenant Kafka cluster, the business onboarding process, detailed fault symptoms and monitoring metrics, analyzes the root cause of a topic‑wide traffic drop, and examines the default partitioner’s rules to propose mitigation recommendations.
This article explains the functional, nested nature of PromQL, its expression types, how queries are parsed and evaluated over time, and the differences between instant and range queries, providing code examples and visual insights for better monitoring with Prometheus.
The article explains how to build highly available stateless services by using redundant deployment, vertical and horizontal scaling, appropriate load‑balancing algorithms, monitoring, and automated recovery, and also discusses high‑concurrency identification, CDN/OSS usage, and practical recommendations for cloud‑native environments.
This article describes the architecture, challenges, and performance optimizations of Qunar.com's Watcher monitoring platform, covering massive metric collection, master‑worker redesign, Graphite/Whisper storage enhancements, and future migration to Go‑based cloud‑native solutions.
This comprehensive guide explores essential backend development concepts—from system design principles like high cohesion and low coupling, through architecture patterns such as high availability and load balancing, to network communication, fault handling, monitoring, and deployment strategies, providing clear explanations for developers.
This article explains how ByteDance’s self‑built SLA assurance platform addresses data pipeline communication costs, unclear responsibilities, and operational pressure by introducing roles, a streamlined signing workflow, checkpoint and recommendation calculations, and real‑time monitoring to achieve a 99.1% SLA compliance rate.
This article explains how the Havok full‑link load testing platform was designed and built to replay real traffic safely, provide capacity‑assessment data, support multiple test types, and offer real‑time monitoring and circuit‑breaker protection for large‑scale online services.
This article provides a comprehensive guide on configuring and optimizing Zabbix agent monitoring for Linux and Windows, covering agent types, passive and active modes, macro variables, LLD macros, CPU/memory/file‑system metrics, and Windows service, performance counter, and event‑log monitoring.
Learn how to design a resilient, scalable monitoring solution for multi‑cluster Kubernetes environments using Thanos, Prometheus, and Grafana, covering architecture, data ingestion, querying, long‑term storage on S3, cost savings, and practical deployment tips.
This tutorial shows how to create a Bash script that continuously monitors a Linux server’s memory, disk, and CPU usage, explains the commands used, demonstrates assembling the data into variables, looping for a set period, logging results, and optionally applying a stress test to generate load.
This article provides a step‑by‑step tutorial on setting up Prometheus and Grafana for 24/7 monitoring of Linux servers and MySQL databases, covering installation, configuration, data visualization, alerting with onealert, and common troubleshooting tips for reliable operations.
This article shares Ctrip's practical experiences in scaling a hybrid private‑cloud platform to over ten thousand nodes, covering Kubernetes control‑plane stability, host monitoring, network observability, image management, and capacity planning to ensure high availability for massive online services.
This article explains what Uptime Kuma is, lists its key features, and provides detailed Docker‑based and manual installation instructions along with usage tips for adding monitors, configuring notifications, and running the service with PM2.
This article explains the challenges of traditional open‑source log collection in cloud‑native environments, describes Volcano Engine’s unified TLS architecture, its centralized configuration, CRD‑based deployment, and showcases real‑world case studies that demonstrate improved availability, efficiency, and scalability.
This article provides a comprehensive guide to Micrometer, covering its core metric types, MeterRegistry usage, tagging conventions, and practical code examples, and shows how to integrate it with Spring Boot, Prometheus, and Grafana for end‑to‑end application monitoring.
This article details Kuaishou's systematic approach to iOS app startup optimization, covering premain and postmain phases, dynamic library lazy loading, +load and static initializer monitoring, binary reordering, task scheduling, background fetch, prewarm mechanisms, and a comprehensive anti‑degradation framework to sustain launch performance.
In this interview, Li Yi, head of 58 Group’s Front‑End Technology Department, explains how the company built its large‑scale front‑end service system—including a Hybrid permission platform, a React Native hot‑update platform, and the Beidou monitoring system—while discussing cross‑platform frameworks, performance challenges, low‑code adoption, and advice for newcomers.
Wireless operations and maintenance (O&M) evolved from backend‑focused practices to address stability and performance of mobile‑device services, tackling low issue detection rates and delayed responses through improved monitoring, gray‑release tagging, phased rollouts, AI‑driven diagnostics, and automated release gates, while inviting collaborative development.
This article explains what SRE is, why it was created, how its responsibilities differ across companies, and breaks the work into Infrastructure, Platform, and Business SRE while covering deployment, on‑call, SLI/SLO, incident post‑mortems, capacity planning, user support, and career advice.
This article outlines the end‑to‑end workflow for front‑end monitoring in an APM platform, covering data collection, reporting, cleaning, storage, and consumption, and dives deep into environment info, exception handling, performance metrics, and efficient data upload strategies.
This article describes Yiche's adoption of Kubernetes, detailing its master‑node architecture, multi‑cluster strategies, custom container management platform, CI/CD pipeline, monitoring with Prometheus, logging, auditing, health checks, and future plans to streamline traffic and control planes.
The article details Maoyan’s transaction data center, explaining its background, the need for a unified real‑time order model, the benefits of reduced coupling and improved data accuracy, and describes the system’s architecture, components, data collection, processing, task scheduling, monitoring, and future plans.
This article explains Site Reliability Engineering (SRE), covering its origins, core responsibilities, key concepts such as SLI/SLO/SLA and error budgets, the four golden monitoring metrics, risk analysis, and practical guidance on building reliable services using tools like Prometheus and Grafana.
This article explains the background and importance of data governance, defines data quality and its key metrics, describes the monitoring and alerting modules of the IData data platform, outlines built‑in and custom rule templates, and discusses baseline management and future enhancements.
Integrating a dynamic load‑testing model into the OKR workflow dramatically streamlines performance testing by allowing flexible pressure control, manual intervention at safe thresholds, and reducing the fatigue and errors associated with traditional static ramp‑up strategies.
To keep community feeds smooth despite network or backend failures, the system employs multiple fallback mechanisms—including Redis‑cached recommendation pools, CDN‑mirrored response files, asynchronous content caching, specialized follow‑feed and outfit‑selection caches, detail‑page preloading, and fine‑grained monitoring with alerts—ensuring continuous scrolling and a better user experience.
This article presents a hands‑on SRE framework covering the full product lifecycle—code development, resource planning, deployment, operational reliability, and decommissioning—derived from real‑world practices at Xiaomi and Sina to help teams manage massive internet services efficiently and cost‑effectively.
This article collection explores key front‑end topics—including Vue server‑side rendering, comprehensive monitoring strategies, Babel compilation fundamentals, the latest CSS 2022 features, and decorator design patterns, and tile‑layout techniques for BI reporting—while also introducing the Cloud Classroom front‑end team.
This article explains how Prometheus’s time‑series database handles massive monitoring data, from basic concepts and query examples to storage engine design, indexing strategies, and powerful data computation techniques such as recording rules.
This article provides a step‑by‑step guide to installing RedisInsight, configuring its environment variables, launching the service on Linux, deploying it with Kubernetes, and using its graphical interface to monitor and manage Redis clusters, keys, and memory.
This guide explains how to enable the nginx‑status module, configure Nginx to expose metrics, collect them with Telegraf, store them in InfluxDB, and visualize the data in Grafana, providing a complete end‑to‑end monitoring solution for Nginx servers.
This article chronicles the evolution of a company's monitoring system from a Zipkin‑based tracing solution to a cloud‑native observability platform called Hera, detailing design goals, technology choices, challenges with MySQL storage, and the adoption of Prometheus‑compatible metrics, Jaeger tracing, and Kubernetes operators.
This article walks through a real call‑center outage scenario, outlines systematic fault‑identification steps, practical emergency recovery actions, monitoring enhancements, concise emergency‑plan design, and introduces intelligent event‑handling to help operations teams resolve incidents faster and more reliably.
This article examines how Taobao mini programs tackled stability and speed challenges by redefining user experience metrics, standardizing operational data, analyzing performance stages, and implementing best‑practice solutions such as engine reuse, data prefetching, and template snapshot rendering, resulting in measurable improvements.
The e‑commerce platform’s loss‑prevention architecture combines domain‑modeled scenario identification, pre‑emptive checks, automated testing, and a real‑time data‑reconciliation pipeline using Dcheck and rule factories to detect anomalies, trigger alerts, and execute emergency response plans, thereby minimizing financial risk and ensuring transaction stability.
This article details a step‑by‑step engineering experiment that reproduces a high‑throughput "red‑envelope" service, outlining the required hardware, software stack, load‑generation logic, monitoring setup, and performance results for handling up to 6 000 QPS on a 100‑million‑user scale.
This article analyzes the digital transformation of Chinese internet companies, explains DevOps concepts and lifecycle, evaluates core CI/CD and monitoring components, and presents a maturity‑based model with tailored toolchain recommendations for startups, mid‑size firms, and large enterprises.
Learn how to install, configure, and operate RedisInsight—an intuitive Redis GUI—on Linux and Kubernetes, covering package download, environment setup, service deployment, basic usage, memory analysis, and key management, with step‑by‑step commands and visual screenshots.
This article provides a set of Bash scripts for Linux server administration, including DDoS IP blocking, email alert configuration, MySQL backup (single and multi-loop), Nginx log rotation and analysis, network interface traffic monitoring, system initialization, and disk usage monitoring across multiple servers.
This guide walks through essential Kubernetes operations—from node kernel upgrades and Docker daemon tuning to pod resource limits, scheduling policies, health probes, logging standards, and comprehensive monitoring—providing practical commands and configurations to keep clusters stable and observable.
This article traces the development of open‑source monitoring solutions from early tools like Nagios and Cacti through modern platforms such as Prometheus and Nightingale, comparing their strengths, weaknesses, and typical use cases while also looking ahead to emerging observability trends in cloud‑native environments.
After setting up an Nginx cluster, this guide explains how to enable the nginx-status module, collect metrics with Telegraf, store them in InfluxDB, and visualize the data using Grafana, providing a complete solution for real-time Nginx monitoring.
This article explains how to use Spring Boot Actuator to expose Tomcat performance metrics, retrieve health and metric endpoints via HTTP, configure custom endpoints, and optionally log or export the data to Prometheus for continuous monitoring and analysis.
This article provides a detailed introduction to microservices, covering its definition, core principles such as small independent services, lightweight communication, independent deployment and management, the advantages and disadvantages, suitable organizational contexts, and the essential components like service discovery, API gateways, configuration centers, monitoring, circuit breaking, container orchestration, and service mesh.
This article shares practical lessons from optimizing the performance of legacy web applications, covering how a hidden DB‑connection leak caused severe latency, why average latency is misleading, and the essential tools, testing, and team practices needed to keep services fast and reliable.
This article explains why the rise of Kubernetes as a cloud‑native standard brings new observability challenges, outlines how eBPF enables non‑intrusive, multi‑language, multi‑protocol data collection, and describes a comprehensive monitoring stack—including golden metrics, service topology, tracing, alerts, and network diagnostics—to achieve end‑to‑end visibility in complex Kubernetes deployments.
This article details Bilibili's implementation of a hundred‑terabyte‑per‑day data synchronization pipeline, covering tool selection between DataX‑based Rider and SeaTunnel‑based AlterEgo, architecture design, performance tuning, logging optimization, rate‑limiting strategies, and comprehensive monitoring for large‑scale offline data ingestion and export.
This article presents a curated list of practical Linux operation tools—including Nethogs, IOzone, IOTop, IPtraf, IFTop, HTop, NMON, MultiTail, Fail2ban, Tmux, Agedu, NMap, and Httperf—detailing their purpose, download links, installation commands, and basic usage to help system administrators improve monitoring, performance testing, and security on Linux servers.
This article explains how Prometheus transforms raw monitoring data into actionable insights by using a time‑series database (TSDB) that efficiently stores massive metric streams, supports powerful queries, and enables pre‑computed calculations for fast dashboards and alerts.
The DeWu App’s messaging platform progressed from a tightly‑coupled v1.0 push API plagued by latency and priority issues to a v2.0 unified interface with fatigue control, multi‑version sending, and robust monitoring, and finally to a v3.0 modular, stateless architecture driven by an orchestration engine that separates core capabilities from business extensions while providing dynamic strategies, SLA‑level latency guarantees, and comprehensive stability monitoring.
This talk explains why observability is essential for cloud‑native IT systems, covering its core value of empowerment, various definitions, evaluation criteria such as zero‑intrusion, multidimensionality and real‑time response, and practical building approaches using SaaS, open‑source and integration, illustrated with numerous industry case studies.
This guide explains Linux performance optimization by defining key metrics such as throughput, latency, average load, and CPU usage, describing how to select and interpret tools like vmstat, pidstat, perf, and dstat, and offering concrete steps to diagnose and fix CPU, memory, I/O, and context‑switch bottlenecks.
This guide introduces RedisInsight and RedisMod, explains how to install them via Docker, demonstrates basic data operations, explores the CLI and Profiler features, and shows how to monitor Redis with Grafana and Prometheus, providing a comprehensive workflow for managing modern Redis deployments.
The article introduces Promoter, a Go‑based webhook that fetches Prometheus metrics, renders alert graphs with gonum/plot, stores the images in S3‑compatible object storage, and embeds them in DingTalk notifications, providing deployment instructions, template customization, and core implementation details.
This guide explains Linux performance optimization by defining core metrics such as throughput, latency, and average load, describing how to select and benchmark indicators, outlining essential analysis tools like vmstat, pidstat, and perf, and providing practical CPU and memory tuning strategies to eliminate bottlenecks.
This article explains the fundamentals of Alibaba Druid as a Java database connection pool, shows how to add Maven dependencies, configure properties and filters in Spring Boot, set up monitoring pages, remove built‑in ads, and retrieve runtime statistics via DruidStatManagerFacade.
This article outlines how Haodf Online implements a closed‑loop partner data security framework—covering background regulations, SDL‑based lifecycle stages, partner information handling, security assessment, API testing, monitoring, and continuous improvement—to protect sensitive medical data across its ecosystem.
