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dbaplus Community
dbaplus Community
Jan 15, 2026 · Backend Development

How to Design a High‑Throughput Database Architecture for a Billion‑Row Daily Log System

This guide breaks down a real‑world interview scenario where a backend engineer must design a scalable database solution for a billing‑log or feed system handling 100 million daily inserts and 100 k QPS reads, covering partitioning vs sharding, sharding key selection, shard count, read‑write separation, multi‑level caching, consistency patterns, hot‑key mitigation, and online schema changes.

Backend ArchitectureOnline Schema ChangeRead-Write Separation
0 likes · 10 min read
How to Design a High‑Throughput Database Architecture for a Billion‑Row Daily Log System
Top Architect
Top Architect
Jan 3, 2026 · Databases

How to Safely Add a Column to a Billion‑Row Order Table Without Downtime

When a core order table with tens of millions of rows needs a new business field, executing a plain ALTER TABLE can lock the table and disrupt services, so the article explores master‑slave switching, online schema‑change tools, extension tables, JSON fields, and a clever reuse of an existing redundant column to achieve the change with minimal risk.

DDLJSONMaster‑Slave
0 likes · 9 min read
How to Safely Add a Column to a Billion‑Row Order Table Without Downtime
Architecture Digest
Architecture Digest
Sep 9, 2025 · Databases

How to Safely Add a Column to a Billion‑Row Order Table Without Downtime

When a core order table with tens of millions of rows needs a new column, naïve ALTER TABLE can lock the table and cause outages, so this article explores master‑slave switching, online schema‑change tools, JSON or redundant fields, and practical tips for low‑risk, production‑grade schema evolution.

DDLOnline Schema Changedatabase migration
0 likes · 7 min read
How to Safely Add a Column to a Billion‑Row Order Table Without Downtime
Wukong Talks Architecture
Wukong Talks Architecture
Dec 24, 2023 · Databases

MySQL Indexes, Lock Types, Transaction Isolation Levels, and Deadlock Analysis

This article explains MySQL index structures, covers covered and back‑table queries, details InnoDB transaction isolation levels, classifies various lock types (table, row, gap, next‑key, intention, auto‑inc, metadata), analyzes lock behavior in multiple scenarios, discusses deadlock causes, and provides DDL and online schema‑change recommendations.

DDLOnline Schema Changedeadlock
0 likes · 61 min read
MySQL Indexes, Lock Types, Transaction Isolation Levels, and Deadlock Analysis
Qunar Tech Salon
Qunar Tech Salon
May 31, 2022 · Databases

Comparison of pt-online-schema-change, gh-ost, and MySQL Online DDL for Online Schema Changes

This article introduces and compares three MySQL online schema‑change solutions—pt‑online‑schema‑change, gh‑ost, and native MySQL ONLINE DDL—detailing their workflows, limitations, risks, monitoring features, and practical considerations for safely altering large tables in production environments.

DDLOnline Schema Changedatabase migration
0 likes · 27 min read
Comparison of pt-online-schema-change, gh-ost, and MySQL Online DDL for Online Schema Changes
StarRocks
StarRocks
Mar 29, 2022 · Big Data

How StarRocks Handles PB‑Scale Real‑Time Analytics with High Availability

This article explains how StarRocks manages petabyte‑level user behavior logs, ads and orders through a shared‑nothing architecture, tablet‑based data distribution, MPP compute, high‑availability metadata, real‑time mini‑batch ingestion, and online schema changes, enabling 24/7 analytical services for diverse internet companies.

MPPOnline Schema ChangeReal-time analytics
0 likes · 11 min read
How StarRocks Handles PB‑Scale Real‑Time Analytics with High Availability
Aikesheng Open Source Community
Aikesheng Open Source Community
Sep 17, 2019 · Databases

Using gh-ost for Online Schema Changes in MySQL: Introduction, Usage, Parameters, and Comparison with pt-osc

This article introduces the gh-ost tool for performing online schema changes on large MySQL tables, explains its architecture and operation modes, provides detailed command‑line parameters and practical examples, and compares its features and performance with the traditional pt‑osc solution.

DDLOnline Schema Changegh-ost
0 likes · 18 min read
Using gh-ost for Online Schema Changes in MySQL: Introduction, Usage, Parameters, and Comparison with pt-osc
Java Backend Technology
Java Backend Technology
Apr 26, 2019 · Databases

What Happens When MySQL Auto‑Increment IDs Exhaust? Practical Solutions

This article explains why MySQL auto‑increment primary keys can reach their limit, shows how switching from INT to BIGINT prevents overflow, and reviews three online schema‑change methods—including native ALTER, pt‑osc, and gh‑ost—plus considerations for triggers, foreign keys, and master‑slave setups.

BIGINTOnline Schema Changeauto_increment
0 likes · 8 min read
What Happens When MySQL Auto‑Increment IDs Exhaust? Practical Solutions
Beike Product & Technology
Beike Product & Technology
Apr 13, 2018 · Databases

Understanding MySQL ALTER Operations and Online Schema Change (OSC) Tools

This article explains the detailed steps of MySQL ALTER operations, compares single‑instance and master‑slave scenarios, introduces various online schema‑change tools such as pt‑OSC, outlines native MySQL OSC support, discusses limitations, and provides practical recommendations for safely performing large‑table DDL.

ALTEROnline Schema Changedatabase migration
0 likes · 13 min read
Understanding MySQL ALTER Operations and Online Schema Change (OSC) Tools
Tencent Cloud Developer
Tencent Cloud Developer
Mar 23, 2018 · Databases

Using gh-ost for Online MySQL Schema Changes: Features, Modes, and Practical Tips

gh‑ost is a lightweight, trigger‑free, Go‑based online MySQL schema‑change tool that reads binary logs, applies alterations to temporary tables, and offers pauseable, auditable, and dynamically controllable migrations via socket commands, supporting master‑only, replica‑assisted, or replica‑testing modes and used extensively at GitHub.

DBA toolsOnline Schema Changebinary log
0 likes · 17 min read
Using gh-ost for Online MySQL Schema Changes: Features, Modes, and Practical Tips