A two‑day investigation of intermittent packet loss in a hybrid‑cloud Kubernetes environment revealed that an oversized VXLAN MTU caused fragmentation, prompting a step‑by‑step analysis of MTU fundamentals, diagnostic commands, Cilium configuration changes, and best‑practice recommendations for cloud‑native networks.
This article explains how network virtualization decouples logical and physical networks, introduces Underlay and Overlay architectures, and compares four major overlay protocols—VXLAN, NVGRE, STT, and SPBM—highlighting their mechanisms and benefits for modern data‑center design.
VXLAN (Virtual eXtensible LAN) overcomes VLAN’s 12‑bit limitation by using 24‑bit VNIs, encapsulating Ethernet frames in UDP, and enabling large‑scale, multi‑tenant overlay networks; the article explains its principles, packet format, and provides step‑by‑step Linux kernel and Open vSwitch implementation examples with commands and flow‑table configurations.
This article explains the limitations of traditional data‑center networking for server virtualization, introduces VXLAN as an overlay VPN solution, describes its core components and tunnel mechanisms, and demonstrates how VXLAN is applied in cloud‑campus architectures with centralized and distributed gateway designs.
This article compares VXLAN and MPLS, explaining how VXLAN’s lower hardware costs, looser edge‑core coupling, and broader engineer expertise make it a more attractive overlay solution for modern metro and wide‑area networks.
This article provides a comprehensive overview of VXLAN, explaining its purpose, architecture, frame format, VTEP implementations, and advantages over VLAN, Q‑in‑Q, MPLS, and other overlay protocols, while also discussing control‑plane options such as BGP EVPN and SDN automation for modern data‑center networks.
This article explains how VXLAN technology overcomes traditional data‑center network constraints—such as limited MAC tables, VLAN isolation, and VM migration scope—by using MAC‑in‑UDP encapsulation, VNI identifiers, and BGP EVPN control, and demonstrates its practical deployment in a CloudCampus solution.
This article explains how VXLAN extends Layer‑2 networks over IP using UDP encapsulation, enabling seamless VM live migration and massive tenant isolation, compares VXLAN with traditional VLANs, details packet structure, VTEP/VNI roles, gateway designs, and the EVPN control plane for efficient forwarding.
This article explains the VXLAN technology, its tunnel‑based architecture, why it is needed for virtual machine migration and multi‑tenant isolation, how it differs from VLAN, the roles of VTEP and VNI, gateway designs, and the detailed packet‑forwarding processes in both centralized and distributed data‑center networks.
This article explores how Software‑Defined Networking (SDN) has moved from theory to large‑scale deployment in public‑cloud environments, detailing overlay technologies like VXLAN, integration with NFV, practical migration challenges, and real‑world use cases—including automated path probing and controller‑based solutions—while also highlighting a company’s own SDN products.
