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Protocol Design

41 articles · Page 1 of 1
Architects Research Society
Architects Research Society
Sep 3, 2026 · Artificial Intelligence

Harmovela: Async Coordination Protocol Complementing MCP for Agent Systems

Harmovela is an open coordination protocol that complements MCP by handling asynchronous, incremental, and replayable continuous coordination across agents, tools, memory, and runtimes, covering seven dimensions including events, tasks, state, context, delegation, recovery, and governance, with multi-language implementations and transport bindings.

AI infrastructureAgent CoordinationHarmovela
0 likes · 6 min read
Harmovela: Async Coordination Protocol Complementing MCP for Agent Systems
Xiaolin Talks Programming
Xiaolin Talks Programming
Aug 31, 2026 · Backend Development

Building a High-Performance TCP Long-Connection Gateway with Spring Boot and Netty: Protocol, Heartbeat & Cluster Broadcast

This article details integrating Netty with Spring Boot to build a scalable TCP long-connection gateway, covering binary protocol design with length-field framing, heartbeat detection using IdleStateHandler, session management with Redis and local maps, single-node and Redis Pub/Sub cluster push mechanisms, and performance tuning tips including Epoll transport and thread pool isolation.

EpollIoTLong Connection
0 likes · 25 min read
Building a High-Performance TCP Long-Connection Gateway with Spring Boot and Netty: Protocol, Heartbeat & Cluster Broadcast
Cloud Architecture
Cloud Architecture
Aug 26, 2026 · Backend Development

From Zero to Production: High‑Concurrency Netty TCP Server for Cloud‑Native

This article walks through building a production‑grade Netty TCP server, covering protocol design, reactor threading, back‑pressure handling, session management, authentication, heartbeats, scaling to hundreds of thousands of connections, cloud‑native deployment, graceful shutdown, observability, reliability, and security considerations.

High ConcurrencyNettyProtocol Design
0 likes · 45 min read
From Zero to Production: High‑Concurrency Netty TCP Server for Cloud‑Native
Radish, Keep Going!
Radish, Keep Going!
Aug 17, 2026 · Industry Insights

How Gopher’s 997% Traffic Surge Nearly Turned the Internet into a Text Menu

The article recounts Gopher’s explosive 997% traffic growth in 1993, the fee announcement that triggered its rapid decline, the protocol’s menu‑only design and lack of hyperlinks, and how the Web’s open, link‑rich approach ultimately eclipsed Gopher, leaving only a few legacy servers today.

GopherInternet HistoryProtocol Design
0 likes · 11 min read
How Gopher’s 997% Traffic Surge Nearly Turned the Internet into a Text Menu
Lin is Dream
Lin is Dream
Aug 14, 2026 · Artificial Intelligence

Orchestrating Multiple Skills to Migrate Traditional SOPs to an AI‑Native Workflow

The article explains how to transform a conventional, human‑read SOP into an AI‑native, protocol‑driven workflow by orchestrating multiple Skills, detailing the role shift, protocol design steps, customization tips, and the broader implication that protocol design becomes the key asset in the Agent era.

AI AgentsAI-nativeProtocol Design
0 likes · 8 min read
Orchestrating Multiple Skills to Migrate Traditional SOPs to an AI‑Native Workflow
DataFunSummit
DataFunSummit
Jul 1, 2026 · Artificial Intelligence

Deploying AI Agents: Protocols, Costs, and Evolution from Demo to Production

A 90‑minute live discussion with three industry experts dissects why AI agents often stall after a successful demo, examining protocol collaboration, self‑evolution capabilities, and token‑cost control, while offering concrete engineering, management, and business‑value insights for enterprise AI adoption.

AI AgentsAI codingEnterprise AI
0 likes · 18 min read
Deploying AI Agents: Protocols, Costs, and Evolution from Demo to Production
21CTO
21CTO
Jun 30, 2026 · Backend Development

Why HTTP Finally Gets the Long‑Awaited QUERY Method

The IETF’s new RFC 10008 defines a QUERY HTTP method that combines GET’s safety and idempotence with POST’s ability to carry large request bodies, offering a standardized way for API designers to send complex, read‑only queries without the limitations of URL‑encoded parameters.

GET vs POSTGraphQLHTTP
0 likes · 7 min read
Why HTTP Finally Gets the Long‑Awaited QUERY Method
Black & White Path
Black & White Path
May 23, 2026 · Information Security

Telegram’s MTProto Design Flaw Lets Trackers Bypass VPNs and Proxies

A technical review reveals that Telegram’s MTProto protocol exposes a permanent 64‑bit device identifier (auth_key_id) in clear text, enabling passive observers—including ISPs, mobile carriers, and state surveillance—to track users across app restarts, IP changes, VPNs, and even Tor, rendering secret chats and PFS ineffective.

MTProtoProtocol DesignTelegram
0 likes · 11 min read
Telegram’s MTProto Design Flaw Lets Trackers Bypass VPNs and Proxies
Network Intelligence Research Center (NIRC)
Network Intelligence Research Center (NIRC)
Dec 26, 2025 · Artificial Intelligence

Introducing MCP: A Standard Protocol to Empower Large Models with System Capabilities

MCP (Model Context Protocol) is an open standard that lets AI applications connect to external systems through a unified client‑server model, exposing Tools, Resources, and Prompts, while addressing security, permission, and audit concerns to make large‑model deployments more reusable and controllable.

AI IntegrationModel Context ProtocolProtocol Design
0 likes · 4 min read
Introducing MCP: A Standard Protocol to Empower Large Models with System Capabilities
Three Knives
Three Knives
Nov 15, 2025 · Backend Development

Designing Complex Protocols: String & JSON Implementations with Large Message Handling

This chapter provides a detailed analysis of designing complex communication protocols, covering the StringProtocol format, a JSON-based protocol integrated with FastJSON, and strategies for efficiently handling large message bodies using session attachment and decoder state management, complete with code examples and best‑practice recommendations.

FastjsonJavaProtocol Design
0 likes · 12 min read
Designing Complex Protocols: String & JSON Implementations with Large Message Handling
Ma Wei Says
Ma Wei Says
Apr 16, 2025 · Artificial Intelligence

How Google’s A2A Protocol Enables Seamless AI Agent Collaboration

Google’s open‑source A2A (Agent‑to‑Agent) protocol, unveiled at Google Cloud Next 2025, defines a standardized, secure, Web‑based framework that lets heterogeneous AI agents discover each other, negotiate interactions, and manage cross‑agent tasks, supporting multimodal communication, long‑running jobs, and push notifications.

A2A protocolAI AgentGoogle Cloud
0 likes · 11 min read
How Google’s A2A Protocol Enables Seamless AI Agent Collaboration
Tencent Cloud Developer
Tencent Cloud Developer
Aug 15, 2024 · Fundamentals

Understanding the End-to-End Process of a Web Request: IP, DNS, CDN, TCP, Protocol Design, CGI/FastCGI, Server Models, and Database Evolution

The article walks through every stage of a web request—from IPv4 addressing, NAT, and DNS resolution through CDN proximity and TCP stream handling, to HTTP framing, CGI versus FastCGI processing, stateless versus stateful server models, and finally database scaling techniques such as sharding and Redis caching.

CDNCGIDNS
0 likes · 21 min read
Understanding the End-to-End Process of a Web Request: IP, DNS, CDN, TCP, Protocol Design, CGI/FastCGI, Server Models, and Database Evolution
Linux Code Review Hub
Linux Code Review Hub
Apr 7, 2024 · Industry Insights

A Decade of RDMA: Lessons Learned from Protocol Evolution

The article reviews ten years of RDMA development, tracing its origins, the rise and pitfalls of RoCEv1/v2, alternative approaches like iWARP and Cisco usNIC, and recent modernizations such as AWS SRD, Google Falcon and UltraEthernet, highlighting why protocol design choices have repeatedly stalled industry progress.

AI acceleratorsData Center NetworkingProtocol Design
0 likes · 27 min read
A Decade of RDMA: Lessons Learned from Protocol Evolution
Bilibili Tech
Bilibili Tech
Oct 17, 2023 · Artificial Intelligence

Design and Implementation of Bilibili Video Template System

The Bilibili video template system combines theme‑based editing, a layered architecture, and a cross‑platform Protobuf protocol to enable PGC and UGC creators to produce, review, distribute, and consume richly‑featured videos with standardized media formats, modular plugins, AI integration, and robust quality assurance.

AI IntegrationComponentizationProtobuf
0 likes · 20 min read
Design and Implementation of Bilibili Video Template System
Kuaishou Audio & Video Technology
Kuaishou Audio & Video Technology
May 25, 2023 · Fundamentals

What Makes Kuaishou’s CMTP the Future of Media Transmission?

The article reviews the rapid growth of audio‑video applications, categorizes media transmission scenarios into generic VoD, RTC and Live, examines Kuaishou’s optimization practices with protocols such as KTP, LAS, KLP and AAS, and introduces the next‑generation CMTP protocol designed to unify and extend these solutions across all use cases.

CMTPKTPProtocol Design
0 likes · 12 min read
What Makes Kuaishou’s CMTP the Future of Media Transmission?
High Availability Architecture
High Availability Architecture
Apr 19, 2023 · Backend Development

Designing High‑Availability Services: Architecture Boundaries, Protocols, and Push Systems

This article explains how Tencent’s internal high‑availability service curriculum emphasizes architecture boundaries, unified protocol definitions using JCE, a unified PushAPI, monitoring and feedback mechanisms, and the organizational impact of aligning system and team boundaries to achieve scalable, reliable backend services.

BackendProtocol Designdistributed-systems
0 likes · 14 min read
Designing High‑Availability Services: Architecture Boundaries, Protocols, and Push Systems
ITPUB
ITPUB
Oct 26, 2022 · Backend Development

How to Choose the Right Components When Building a Go Microservice Framework

This article walks through practical trade‑offs in designing a Go microservice framework, covering protocol choices, data transport, network handling, serialization methods, service registry options, routing algorithms, and rate‑limiting strategies, while highlighting real‑world implementation details and pitfalls.

GoProtocol DesignRate Limiting
0 likes · 12 min read
How to Choose the Right Components When Building a Go Microservice Framework
Baidu App Technology
Baidu App Technology
Aug 11, 2022 · Information Security

How Baidu’s bdtls Protocol Secures Mini‑Programs with TLS 1.3‑Inspired Design

This article explains Baidu’s custom bdtls security communication protocol for mini‑programs, detailing its TLS 1.3‑based architecture, DHE‑RSA key exchange, AES‑GCM encryption, implementation on both server and client sides, and the strategies used to achieve strong security, low latency, high availability, and extensibility.

Protocol DesignTLSbdtls
0 likes · 23 min read
How Baidu’s bdtls Protocol Secures Mini‑Programs with TLS 1.3‑Inspired Design
Baidu Geek Talk
Baidu Geek Talk
Aug 10, 2022 · Information Security

Baidu bdtls: A TLS 1.3‑Based Secure Communication Protocol for Mini Programs

Baidu’s bdtls protocol adapts TLS 1.3 for mini‑programs, delivering mutual authentication, AES‑128‑GCM encryption, RSA‑signed Diffie‑Hellman key exchange, sub‑10 % handshake latency, and extensible multi‑business support to defend against static, dynamic and cheating attacks while ensuring high availability.

Protocol DesignTLSbdtls
0 likes · 22 min read
Baidu bdtls: A TLS 1.3‑Based Secure Communication Protocol for Mini Programs
Liangxu Linux
Liangxu Linux
Jul 5, 2022 · Fundamentals

Mastering Protocol Layer Design: From Text to Binary and Secure Transport

This article explains the principles of protocol design, covering layered architecture, the differences between text, binary, and streaming XML application protocols, security layer options beyond SSL, and transport layer choices, providing concrete examples and code snippets to illustrate each concept.

Protocol DesignTransportbinary protocol
0 likes · 8 min read
Mastering Protocol Layer Design: From Text to Binary and Secure Transport
ByteDance Web Infra
ByteDance Web Infra
Jul 23, 2021 · Backend Development

Design and Refactoring of ByteDance's Node.js RPC Framework

This article explains the motivation, design principles, model architecture, and implementation challenges of rebuilding ByteDance's Node.js RPC system, covering DDD‑based decomposition, protocol and connection abstractions, multi‑protocol nesting, client/server creation APIs, and performance‑optimized context extensions.

DDDNode.jsPerformance
0 likes · 14 min read
Design and Refactoring of ByteDance's Node.js RPC Framework
IT Architects Alliance
IT Architects Alliance
Jun 7, 2021 · Industry Insights

How WeChat Scales: Agile Practices and Architecture Behind Billions of Users

The article analyzes WeChat's success by detailing its three‑pronged strategy of precise product timing, agile project management, and robust technical support, and explains how the team applies agile attitudes, modular design, extensible protocols, disaster‑recovery mechanisms, and fine‑grained monitoring to operate a massive, highly available system.

Protocol DesignWeChatagile development
0 likes · 18 min read
How WeChat Scales: Agile Practices and Architecture Behind Billions of Users
ITFLY8 Architecture Home
ITFLY8 Architecture Home
Feb 24, 2021 · Backend Development

How WeChat and Momo Solve Mobile IM Challenges: Protocols, Power Saving, and Massive Scaling

The article analyzes the core technical challenges of mobile instant‑messaging services—battery consumption, limited traffic, unreliable networks—and explains how WeChat and Momo design hybrid short‑/long‑connection protocols, use protobuf, intelligent routing, load‑balancing, sharding and distributed algorithms to achieve high reliability and scalability.

IM architectureMomoProtobuf
0 likes · 12 min read
How WeChat and Momo Solve Mobile IM Challenges: Protocols, Power Saving, and Massive Scaling
Programmer DD
Programmer DD
Aug 6, 2020 · Operations

Why SkyWalking’s Architecture Makes Modern Observability Seamless

This article explains SkyWalking’s modular, protocol‑oriented and lightweight architecture, its core components, design principles, and advantages such as cross‑environment consistency, easy maintenance, high performance, and extensibility for both traditional and cloud‑native systems.

APMApache SkywalkingProtocol Design
0 likes · 12 min read
Why SkyWalking’s Architecture Makes Modern Observability Seamless
Yanxuan Tech Team
Yanxuan Tech Team
Apr 6, 2020 · Backend Development

How ABT Architecture Automates A/B Decision Loops on Mobile Apps

This article explains the design and implementation of an ABT (Auto‑Bidding Test) system that automates A/B decision cycles, covering client SDK architecture, protocol specifications, data‑point collection, resource‑placement experiments, and home‑page integration to accelerate product growth.

A/B testingABTMobile Development
0 likes · 10 min read
How ABT Architecture Automates A/B Decision Loops on Mobile Apps
JavaEdge
JavaEdge
Nov 16, 2019 · Backend Development

Designing a Flexible Java RPC Framework: Client, Server, and Protocol Layers

This guide walks through designing a Java RPC framework from the user's viewpoint, covering interface definition, client stub generation with dynamic proxies, flexible protocol and service discovery layers, server request handling, and key implementation steps, illustrated with diagrams and code snippets.

JavaProtocol DesignRPC
0 likes · 6 min read
Designing a Flexible Java RPC Framework: Client, Server, and Protocol Layers
Programmer DD
Programmer DD
Jul 8, 2018 · Backend Development

Inside RocketMQ’s Remoting Module: Protocol, Encoding, and Async Communication Explained

This article dissects RocketMQ’s Remoting communication module, covering its architecture, class hierarchy, custom protocol design, message encoding/decoding, synchronous, asynchronous and one‑way communication modes, and the detailed client‑server interaction flow including timeout handling and callback execution.

Async CommunicationJavaNetty
0 likes · 22 min read
Inside RocketMQ’s Remoting Module: Protocol, Encoding, and Async Communication Explained
Suishouji Tech Team
Suishouji Tech Team
Jan 2, 2018 · Mobile Development

Designing a Secure, Extensible JS Bridge for Android Hybrid Apps

This article explores the challenges of JavaScript‑Native communication in Android WebView, compares Android‑to‑JS and JS‑to‑Android invocation methods, and presents a custom, secure, and extensible JS bridge framework with protocol design, interceptors, annotations, and implementation examples for hybrid app development.

Hybrid AppJS BridgeJavaScript Interface
0 likes · 13 min read
Designing a Secure, Extensible JS Bridge for Android Hybrid Apps
WeChat Backend Team
WeChat Backend Team
Dec 13, 2016 · Information Security

What TLS Design Lessons Can Revolutionize Modern Secure Communications?

This article distills practical design decisions for modern encrypted communication protocols—covering algorithm selection, versioning, PKI choices, library alternatives, replay protection, performance tuning, and latency considerations—while providing a concise appendix of fundamental cryptographic concepts and key references.

Protocol DesignTLSkey exchange
0 likes · 15 min read
What TLS Design Lessons Can Revolutionize Modern Secure Communications?
WeChat Backend Team
WeChat Backend Team
Dec 7, 2016 · Information Security

Unlocking TLS: Design Goals, History, and Modern Secure Communication

This article explores the TLS protocol in depth, outlining its design objectives, cryptographic foundations, historical evolution, detailed handshake and record layer mechanisms, security analyses, common pitfalls, and lessons for designing robust modern encrypted communication protocols.

Protocol DesignTLSinformation security
0 likes · 12 min read
Unlocking TLS: Design Goals, History, and Modern Secure Communication
Big Data and Microservices
Big Data and Microservices
May 12, 2016 · Industry Insights

How 58 Daojia Built a Scalable Real‑Time Messaging Platform: Architecture Deep Dive

This article dissects the design of 58 Daojia’s universal real‑time messaging platform, detailing the challenges of end‑to‑cloud, cloud‑to‑end, and end‑to‑end communication, the shortcomings of traditional HTTP and push solutions, and the optimized TCP, message‑bus, RPC, and protocol extensions that achieve scalability, reliability, and cross‑account chat.

Protocol DesignReal-time messagingbackend architecture
0 likes · 12 min read
How 58 Daojia Built a Scalable Real‑Time Messaging Platform: Architecture Deep Dive
Art of Distributed System Architecture Design
Art of Distributed System Architecture Design
Apr 15, 2016 · Cloud Computing

How Meizu Optimized Cloud Sync: Architecture, Protocols, and Performance Insights

This article provides an in‑depth technical overview of Meizu's cloud sync service, covering its business scenarios, the evolution of its core SyncML‑based protocols, modular architecture across multiple data centers, performance optimizations such as traffic reduction and connection handling, as well as high‑availability, security, and future SDK‑API extensions.

Performance OptimizationProtocol Designcloud sync
0 likes · 25 min read
How Meizu Optimized Cloud Sync: Architecture, Protocols, and Performance Insights
21CTO
21CTO
Mar 13, 2016 · Backend Development

How 58’s Messaging Platform Solved High‑Load Real‑Time Delivery Challenges

This article details the design and implementation of 58’s real‑time messaging platform, covering its business background, overall architecture, protocol design for extensibility and debugging, and solutions for fast TCP reconnection to ensure stable, high‑throughput delivery for intra‑city freight services.

BackendProtocol DesignTCP
0 likes · 9 min read
How 58’s Messaging Platform Solved High‑Load Real‑Time Delivery Challenges
Efficient Ops
Efficient Ops
Jan 31, 2016 · Cloud Computing

How Meizu Scales Cloud Sync for Millions: Protocols, Architecture, and Data Strategies

This article details Meizu's cloud synchronization service, covering its custom MZ‑SyncML protocol, semi‑sync mechanisms, file and one‑sync protocols, failure handling, service architecture, modular design, massive data routing, multi‑datacenter deployment, traffic optimization, and practical lessons learned.

Protocol Designcloud syncdata routing
0 likes · 14 min read
How Meizu Scales Cloud Sync for Millions: Protocols, Architecture, and Data Strategies
21CTO
21CTO
Nov 6, 2015 · Backend Development

How WeChat & Momo Scale IM: Lessons on Battery, Network, and Custom Protocols

This article analyzes the architectural choices behind WeChat and Momo instant‑messaging services, covering battery and traffic constraints, network reliability, the shift from XMPP to proprietary long/short connections, protocol design with protobuf, and operational strategies for scaling massive user bases.

ProtobufProtocol Designbackend architecture
0 likes · 12 min read
How WeChat & Momo Scale IM: Lessons on Battery, Network, and Custom Protocols
High Availability Architecture
High Availability Architecture
May 21, 2015 · Backend Development

Understanding Instant Messaging (IM) Architecture, Protocol Design, and Real‑Time Web Chat Implementation

This article explains the fundamentals of instant messaging, its system characteristics, protocol layers (application, security, transport), practical protocol examples, and a detailed real‑time web chatroom design using HTTP long‑polling and backend architecture considerations.

Protocol Designbackend architectureinstant messaging
0 likes · 20 min read
Understanding Instant Messaging (IM) Architecture, Protocol Design, and Real‑Time Web Chat Implementation