Machine‑Learning Based Bandwidth Prediction and Adaptive Streaming for Taobao Live: Concerto, OnRL, and Loki
Alibaba’s Taobao Live team replaced rule‑based bandwidth estimators with three machine‑learning solutions—Concerto, OnRL, and Loki—trained on over a million hours of global live‑stream data, achieving up to 13% throughput gain, threefold stall reduction, and up to 44% lower 95th‑percentile stalls, now deployed commercially.