Evolution of Front‑End/Back‑End Separation: From JSP/Servlet to Node.js‑Based Full‑Stack Architecture
This article traces the historical evolution of web application architecture—from tightly coupled JSP/Servlet models through semi‑separated Ajax‑driven approaches to fully separated SPA and Node.js‑mediated full‑stack designs—highlighting the motivations, drawbacks, and benefits of each stage for modern front‑end development.