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Chen Tian Universe
Chen Tian Universe
Feb 21, 2026 · Fundamentals

How Card Networks Power Global Payments: From Rules to Real‑Time Settlement

This comprehensive guide explains what card organizations are, how they act as the central platform connecting issuing and acquiring banks, the architecture of their private networks, the ISO‑8583 and ISO‑20022 messaging standards, the clearing and settlement process, fee models, and future challenges from stablecoins and CBDCs.

ISO-8583card networksclearing
0 likes · 26 min read
How Card Networks Power Global Payments: From Rules to Real‑Time Settlement
Chen Tian Universe
Chen Tian Universe
Jan 13, 2026 · Operations

Master Payment Accounting: Design Principles, Hotspot Account Fixes & Day‑Cut

This comprehensive guide explains how to design robust payment accounting systems, covering core accounting principles, account subsystem structures, hotspot account mitigation, account merging strategies, reverse‑deduction models, sub‑account architectures, day‑cut mechanisms, marketing fee handling, and end‑to‑end settlement processes.

HotSpotaccountingaccount‑design
0 likes · 88 min read
Master Payment Accounting: Design Principles, Hotspot Account Fixes & Day‑Cut
Chen Tian Universe
Chen Tian Universe
Dec 1, 2025 · Fundamentals

Mastering Payment Accounting: A 4‑Step Method with Real‑World Journal Entries

This article breaks down the complex payment accounting process into a clear four‑step method, demonstrates how to fill a unified accounting table for various scenarios, and provides detailed journal entries for platforms, payment institutions, clearing networks, and banks, enabling practitioners to handle multi‑node payments accurately.

accountingclearingfinance
0 likes · 16 min read
Mastering Payment Accounting: A 4‑Step Method with Real‑World Journal Entries
Chen Tian Universe
Chen Tian Universe
Nov 2, 2025 · Fundamentals

Master the Three Core Layers of Payments: Policy, Licenses, and Settlement Networks

This comprehensive guide explains the three fundamental layers—regulatory policies, payment licensing, and settlement networks—that differentiate domestic, cross‑border, and overseas payments, and outlines how businesses can navigate rules, acquire the right permits, and choose the optimal clearing infrastructure for future growth.

FinTechLicensingcross-border
0 likes · 12 min read
Master the Three Core Layers of Payments: Policy, Licenses, and Settlement Networks
Chen Tian Universe
Chen Tian Universe
Oct 15, 2025 · Fundamentals

Mastering Payment Systems: 300+ Hand‑Drawn Diagrams Simplify Complex Core Processes

This comprehensive guide uses over 300 original hand‑drawn diagrams to explain payment system core businesses, payment and settlement flows, cross‑border acquiring, information and fund flows, account design, bookkeeping, reconciliation, and related concepts, providing a clear, entry‑level understanding of the entire payment ecosystem.

bookkeepingfinancial systemspayment
0 likes · 46 min read
Mastering Payment Systems: 300+ Hand‑Drawn Diagrams Simplify Complex Core Processes
Chen Tian Universe
Chen Tian Universe
Oct 13, 2025 · Fundamentals

Unlocking the Secrets of Payment Fund Management: From Domestic to Cross‑Border

This article demystifies the hidden fund‑management layer behind online payments, explaining reserve‑account handling, internal and virtual accounts, settlement, reconciliation, bookkeeping, accounting, and the added complexities of cross‑border payments such as multi‑currency, liquidity, and regulatory challenges.

LiquidityReconciliationaccounting
0 likes · 23 min read
Unlocking the Secrets of Payment Fund Management: From Domestic to Cross‑Border
Chen Tian Universe
Chen Tian Universe
Sep 27, 2025 · Operations

How to Eliminate Illegal Secondary Clearing (二清) in Payment Platforms: A Complete Compliance Guide

This article explains what secondary clearing (二清) is, why it violates regulations, and provides a step‑by‑step compliance solution—including account structures, payment transaction flows, fund collection, settlement, regulatory clearing, platform transformation checklists, and key interface specifications—to help platforms redesign their settlement processes safely and legally.

clearingcompliancefund management
0 likes · 17 min read
How to Eliminate Illegal Secondary Clearing (二清) in Payment Platforms: A Complete Compliance Guide
Chen Tian Universe
Chen Tian Universe
Aug 18, 2025 · Fundamentals

Unlocking Futures: A Beginner’s Guide to Clearing and Settlement in Chinese Markets

This article provides a comprehensive, easy‑to‑understand overview of futures contract concepts, trading systems, clearing and settlement processes, margin rules, participant roles, accounting treatment, and data considerations across China’s six major futures exchanges, illustrated with clear diagrams and examples.

DerivativesFuturesaccounting
0 likes · 16 min read
Unlocking Futures: A Beginner’s Guide to Clearing and Settlement in Chinese Markets
Chen Tian Universe
Chen Tian Universe
Jul 23, 2025 · Operations

Designing a Robust Settlement System: 10 Essential Steps and Real‑World Scenarios

This comprehensive guide explains what a settlement system is, outlines ten critical design steps—from data source identification to bill provision—and illustrates their application across diverse scenarios such as corporate welfare platforms, government services, promotion platforms, bank acquiring, points e‑commerce, ETC, and consumer finance, while highlighting key rules, workflows, and interface considerations.

Financial ServicesOperationsSystem Design
0 likes · 34 min read
Designing a Robust Settlement System: 10 Essential Steps and Real‑World Scenarios
Tencent Cloud Developer
Tencent Cloud Developer
Jul 9, 2025 · Backend Development

Why Payment System Architecture Is the Backbone of E‑Commerce

Payment systems serve as the essential bridge linking consumers, merchants, and financial institutions in e‑commerce, handling everything from transaction processing and security compliance to multi‑channel payment management, order settlement, refunds, and detailed architecture design that evolves from closed internal apps to open, scalable micro‑service platforms.

Backend ArchitectureSecuritye‑commerce
0 likes · 20 min read
Why Payment System Architecture Is the Backbone of E‑Commerce
Chen Tian Universe
Chen Tian Universe
Jul 6, 2025 · Operations

How China’s Domestic Foreign‑Exchange Payment System (CFXPS) Works

China’s domestic foreign‑exchange payment system (CFXPS) is a nationwide, real‑time, multi‑currency settlement platform that, alongside other major payment systems, enables banks to trade foreign currencies, manage settlement accounts, confirm transactions, and execute PVP settlements through a structured clearing and settlement process.

Banking Operationsforeign exchangepayment system
0 likes · 12 min read
How China’s Domestic Foreign‑Exchange Payment System (CFXPS) Works
Chen Tian Universe
Chen Tian Universe
Jun 17, 2025 · Fundamentals

Master the 55 Accounting Entries Behind a Single Payment: Complete Guide

This comprehensive guide walks you through every accounting entry involved in a payment transaction—from platform store bookkeeping and transaction platform settlements to payment institution and central bank clearing—illustrated with clear diagrams and step‑by‑step journal entries.

accountingclearingfinance
0 likes · 14 min read
Master the 55 Accounting Entries Behind a Single Payment: Complete Guide
Chen Tian Universe
Chen Tian Universe
Jun 10, 2025 · Operations

Mastering Reconciliation Systems: Design, Architecture, Data Management & Error Handling

This comprehensive guide walks through the fundamentals of building a reconciliation system, covering overview, data source management, transaction and fund reconciliation models, system architecture, data entity relationships, data acquisition, result handling, project design, engine control, error processing, and the strategic decision of reconciling before or after settlement, providing practical configurations, diagrams, and best‑practice recommendations for reliable financial operations.

Data ManagementError HandlingReconciliation
0 likes · 37 min read
Mastering Reconciliation Systems: Design, Architecture, Data Management & Error Handling
Tencent Cloud Developer
Tencent Cloud Developer
Mar 12, 2025 · Fundamentals

Online Payment Fundamentals: Background, Payment Types, Reserve Funds, Direct vs Indirect Connections, and Settlement

The article surveys the evolution of online payments from PayPal to Chinese platforms, explains staged versus pass‑through digital wallets, defines reserve‑fund management and its centralised custodial requirements, contrasts direct and indirect bank connectivity via NetUnion, and clarifies the distinctions among clearing, settlement and accounting.

clearingdigital walletonline payment
0 likes · 17 min read
Online Payment Fundamentals: Background, Payment Types, Reserve Funds, Direct vs Indirect Connections, and Settlement
Bilibili Tech
Bilibili Tech
Mar 11, 2025 · Backend Development

Architecture and Core Components of the Big Member Transaction System

The Big Member Transaction System is a modular, virtual‑item‑focused platform that coordinates independent yet tightly integrated services—order orchestration, signing contracts, product management, payment hub, risk control, and settlement—using unique business IDs, state‑machine lifecycles, SDK‑driven front‑end integration, and robust consistency mechanisms to ensure flexible, secure, and scalable online commerce.

Backend DevelopmentOrder Managementpayment SDK
0 likes · 17 min read
Architecture and Core Components of the Big Member Transaction System
Chen Tian Universe
Chen Tian Universe
Feb 10, 2025 · Operations

How Payment Clearing and Settlement Systems Really Work: A Deep Dive

This article provides a comprehensive overview of payment clearing and settlement, detailing the architecture of clearing subsystems, object relationship models, billing rule engines, settlement processes, various settlement modes, and the full accounting flow that ensures accurate fund distribution across platforms and merchants.

Operationsaccountingclearing
0 likes · 31 min read
How Payment Clearing and Settlement Systems Really Work: A Deep Dive
Chen Tian Universe
Chen Tian Universe
Dec 21, 2024 · Fundamentals

Unveiling the Super Payment Clearing Ecosystem: A Visual Deep Dive

The article shares a series of detailed payment‑clearing architecture diagrams that illustrate the full domestic payment ecosystem, its participants, settlement flows, and regulatory layers, inviting readers to explore each component and its interconnections.

DiagramPayment Architectureclearing
0 likes · 6 min read
Unveiling the Super Payment Clearing Ecosystem: A Visual Deep Dive
Chen Tian Universe
Chen Tian Universe
Dec 19, 2024 · Fundamentals

Unlocking Payment Clearing: The 1‑5‑7 Blueprint Behind Settlement Systems

This article breaks down the core architecture of payment clearing and settlement into a concise framework—one diagram, two lines, three in‑transit states, four data sets, five account types, and seven processing steps—revealing how each component interacts to ensure accurate, end‑to‑end financial reconciliation.

financial accountingpayment clearingpayment systems
0 likes · 3 min read
Unlocking Payment Clearing: The 1‑5‑7 Blueprint Behind Settlement Systems
Chen Tian Universe
Chen Tian Universe
Dec 17, 2024 · Operations

How Payment Institutions Master Clearing & Settlement: A Full‑Chain Accounting Blueprint

This article walks through the complete clearing and settlement workflow of a top‑level payment institution, covering the five business systems, three account sets, four data segments, in‑transit balances, system data flows, account design, accounting principles, and the rules that drive accurate financial reconciliation.

accountingfinancial operationspayment clearing
0 likes · 22 min read
How Payment Institutions Master Clearing & Settlement: A Full‑Chain Accounting Blueprint
Chen Tian Universe
Chen Tian Universe
Dec 15, 2024 · Fundamentals

Mastering Payment Systems: 88 Diagrams and 66 Key Concepts Explained

This comprehensive guide demystifies the entire payment ecosystem—covering the nature of payment, transaction flow, clearing and settlement models, various payment modes, routing, accounting, and risk management—using 88 illustrations and 66 essential knowledge points for a quick reference handbook.

Payment Architectureaccountingclearing
0 likes · 32 min read
Mastering Payment Systems: 88 Diagrams and 66 Key Concepts Explained
Chen Tian Universe
Chen Tian Universe
Dec 13, 2024 · Fundamentals

Why Mastering Accounting Architecture Is the Key to Seamless Payment Systems

This comprehensive guide explains how robust accounting design—covering principles, account subsystems, hot‑account handling, merging strategies, reverse‑deduction models, sub‑account structures, day‑cut mechanisms, marketing‑related accounting, and settlement processes—forms the backbone of modern payment and clearing systems, helping product and operations teams build reliable financial infrastructure.

Operationsaccountingfinancial architecture
0 likes · 91 min read
Why Mastering Accounting Architecture Is the Key to Seamless Payment Systems
Eric Tech Circle
Eric Tech Circle
Aug 5, 2024 · Industry Insights

Designing a Robust Order-to-Payment Settlement Module: Conceptual Model & Key Practices

This article outlines a comprehensive conceptual model for an order‑to‑payment settlement module, detailing core financial scenarios, key design considerations, ERP integration points, and practical guidelines for handling applications, postings, write‑offs, and invoicing within complex enterprise systems.

ERP integrationaccountingbusiness process
0 likes · 7 min read
Designing a Robust Order-to-Payment Settlement Module: Conceptual Model & Key Practices
Chen Tian Universe
Chen Tian Universe
Jul 22, 2024 · Fundamentals

What Exactly Is a Payment? Unpacking the Core Concepts and Terminology

This article explains the essence of payment as money transfer in economic activity, illustrates the process with everyday examples, and provides a comprehensive glossary of payment‑related terms covering general concepts, cross‑border specifics, credit, POS, and settlement fundamentals.

cross-border paymentfinancial terminologypayment
0 likes · 44 min read
What Exactly Is a Payment? Unpacking the Core Concepts and Terminology
Bilibili Tech
Bilibili Tech
Mar 29, 2024 · Backend Development

Design and Implementation of Bilibili Live Interactive Platform

Bilibili’s live interactive platform, built on four core modules—developer management, app store, application interaction, and settlement—offers SDKs, debugging tools, asset libraries, and secure identity codes to streamline third‑party integration, enhance streamer and user experiences, ensure fair revenue sharing, and maintain robust monitoring and governance.

SDKinteractive platformsettlement
0 likes · 16 min read
Design and Implementation of Bilibili Live Interactive Platform
Chen Tian Universe
Chen Tian Universe
Mar 26, 2024 · Fundamentals

What’s the Core Architecture Behind Modern Payment Systems?

This article breaks down the essential "kernels" of payment, transaction, settlement, accounting, and related financial processes, illustrating each layer with diagrams and explanations that reveal how businesses, platforms, and institutions collaborate to move money securely and efficiently.

Core Conceptsarchitecturefinance
0 likes · 15 min read
What’s the Core Architecture Behind Modern Payment Systems?
Architect
Architect
Feb 21, 2024 · Operations

Cross‑Border Payment: Business Models, Process Flow, and Technical Implementation

This article provides a comprehensive overview of cross‑border payment, explaining its definition, common payment methods, detailed transaction flows for import and export models, the evolution of major payment institutions, and the technical and regulatory considerations involved in implementing such services.

FinTechcross-border paymentforeign exchange
0 likes · 20 min read
Cross‑Border Payment: Business Models, Process Flow, and Technical Implementation
DeWu Technology
DeWu Technology
Jan 8, 2024 · Backend Development

Overview of Payment System Evolution, Architecture, and Practices

The article traces payment system evolution from early ticket‑house methods to modern real‑time settlement, explains core concepts, architecture, APIs, fund and information flows, security and two‑level clearing mechanisms, and how order‑payment interactions should be designed for reliable e‑commerce transactions.

architecturee‑commercepayment systems
0 likes · 24 min read
Overview of Payment System Evolution, Architecture, and Practices
JD Tech
JD Tech
Dec 22, 2022 · Backend Development

Design and Implementation of the JinDao Online Settlement Platform

The article presents a comprehensive overview of the JinDao settlement platform, detailing its background, pain points, architectural design, domain modeling, sharding task component, sequential settlement mechanisms, configuration models, billing and allocation rules, and real‑world business case studies, illustrating how it enables accurate, fast, cost‑effective online financial settlement for JD Tech.

BackendSystem Architecturefinancial platform
0 likes · 14 min read
Design and Implementation of the JinDao Online Settlement Platform
Top Architect
Top Architect
Oct 13, 2022 · Information Security

Understanding the End-to-End Architecture of Chinese Internet Payments

This article provides a comprehensive overview of the Chinese internet payment ecosystem, detailing the complete transaction flow from e‑commerce platforms through payment channels, banks, and the central bank, and explains the key components and responsibilities of a modern payment system architecture.

Internet PaymentPayment Architecturecashier
0 likes · 9 min read
Understanding the End-to-End Architecture of Chinese Internet Payments
Meituan Technology Team
Meituan Technology Team
Jul 8, 2021 · Backend Development

Meituan Tech Salon: In‑store Platformization Practices

At Meituan’s 63rd Tech Salon, experts detailed how the company is platformizing its in‑store operations—unifying supply‑chain, transaction, settlement and CRM systems across food delivery, hotels, tickets and lifestyle services—to achieve scalable, reusable, user‑friendly solutions, sharing hard‑won lessons and outlining future integration plans.

BackendCRMMeituan
0 likes · 4 min read
Meituan Tech Salon: In‑store Platformization Practices
Youzan Coder
Youzan Coder
Nov 6, 2020 · Backend Development

Design and Implementation of a CPS-Based Promotion System with Settlement and Commission Calculation

The article presents a CPS‑based promotion system for the beauty sector that lets promoters instantly view orders and commissions, employs a responsibility‑chain clearing design and a parent‑child settlement model for delayed‑consumption products, and outlines a scheduled settlement workflow that securely transfers funds from merchants to promoters.

BackendBusiness ModelCPS
0 likes · 13 min read
Design and Implementation of a CPS-Based Promotion System with Settlement and Commission Calculation
JD Tech Talk
JD Tech Talk
Mar 27, 2019 · Backend Development

Design and Key Considerations of JD Digits' Accounting Settlement System

This article explains the responsibilities, architectural design, critical construction points, functional modules, hotspot account handling, database sharding strategies, and diverse settlement rule implementations of JD Digits' accounting and settlement system, which is the core financial control component of the payment platform.

Backendaccountingdatabase sharding
0 likes · 10 min read
Design and Key Considerations of JD Digits' Accounting Settlement System
转转QA
转转QA
Oct 26, 2018 · Backend Development

Design and Implementation of an Extensible Transaction Settlement Testing System

This article describes the architecture, design requirements, and implementation of a modular transaction settlement testing system that separates testing from order modules, supports flexible split‑payment configurations, and ensures accurate fund flow verification across various business scenarios.

BackendDesignScalability
0 likes · 6 min read
Design and Implementation of an Extensible Transaction Settlement Testing System
JD Tech
JD Tech
Sep 14, 2018 · Operations

Joint‑Venture Settlement Platform Overview and Billing Architecture

This document presents a comprehensive solution for merchant settlement in joint‑venture (co‑operated) offline stores, describing business models, settlement subject abstraction, billing engine components, settlement workflow, payment collection, and reconciliation architecture with detailed tables and diagrams.

FinancialMicroservicesOperations
0 likes · 18 min read
Joint‑Venture Settlement Platform Overview and Billing Architecture
MaGe Linux Operations
MaGe Linux Operations
Aug 21, 2018 · Backend Development

Inside Alipay’s Backend: A Visual Guide to Its Core System Architecture

This article presents a collection of Alipay’s system architecture diagrams, illustrating key components such as settlement, customer service, processing, fund management, and finance, offering a valuable reference for understanding the platform’s backend design despite the limited data timeframe.

AlipayBackendSystem Architecture
0 likes · 2 min read
Inside Alipay’s Backend: A Visual Guide to Its Core System Architecture
Meituan Technology Team
Meituan Technology Team
Mar 22, 2018 · Backend Development

Design and Implementation of a Reconciliation System for Meituan Delivery Settlement

The article describes Meituan’s reconciliation system for delivery settlement, which ingests diverse external data, normalizes it, performs multi‑stage offline and online verification to detect missing, duplicate, or incorrect settlements, and automatically records and resolves errors through a unified balancing center, ensuring fund safety at tens‑million‑order scale.

BackendData ConsistencyReconciliation
0 likes · 18 min read
Design and Implementation of a Reconciliation System for Meituan Delivery Settlement
Meituan Technology Team
Meituan Technology Team
Jan 12, 2018 · Backend Development

Design and High‑Performance Practices of Meituan's Settlement and Reconciliation Platform

Meituan’s settlement and reconciliation platform was rebuilt from a single‑threaded, month‑end batch system into a distributed, multi‑threaded, real‑time service that abstracts core models, uses lock‑free processing, sharding, and dedicated Kafka topics, achieving millisecond latency for millions of daily bills across 17 business lines.

BackendReconciliationdata-processing
0 likes · 20 min read
Design and High‑Performance Practices of Meituan's Settlement and Reconciliation Platform