This article traces the evolution of CSS from its early specifications through modular standards, design patterns, and preprocessors, then dives deep into CSS‑in‑JS, Houdini, popular libraries, their advantages and drawbacks, industry adoption, and future directions for web styling.
This step‑by‑step tutorial shows how to create a Django website with user authentication features—including login, registration, logout, password change, password‑less login and reset—by configuring the project, defining models, forms, views, URLs, performing migrations, and running the server.
The iQIYI Knowledge Web front‑end team built a developer‑oriented component library that splits UI and business logic into reusable basic and business Vue components, enforces clear input/output contracts, uses on‑demand loading and Storybook documentation, achieving high code reuse, maintainability, and consistent UI across independent projects while tackling bundle size and CI/CD challenges.
The article reviews current front‑end trends, covering architecture governance, the rise of micro‑frontends, the resurgence of low‑code platforms, cross‑language innovations, and serverless options, while offering practical advice on tooling, standards, and strategic choices for teams of any size.
This article provides a comprehensive, English-language compilation of popular search engines, image and regex utilities, file conversion services, online compilers, front‑end development tools, mind‑mapping applications, and cloud‑based note‑taking platforms to help developers efficiently locate information and streamline their workflow.
This article explains the Same Origin Policy, introduces the CORS standard, details simple and preflight request handling, lists essential response headers, and provides three practical Spring Boot solutions—including global configuration, a servlet filter, and the @CrossOrigin annotation—to resolve cross‑origin issues.
This article walks you through Django's Form component, explaining how it generates HTML, validates input, retains data, and integrates with models, while providing step‑by‑step code examples for defining Form classes, handling GET/POST requests, rendering templates, and customizing fields and widgets.
This article explains the CSS Scroll Snap feature, covering its purpose, basic setup, key properties such as scroll‑snap‑type, scroll‑snap‑align, scroll‑snap‑stop, scroll‑padding, and scroll‑margin, and demonstrates practical use cases with code examples for building responsive scrollable interfaces.
This guide reviews fifteen essential Python packages—from data‑visualisation with Dash and image handling with Pillow to web requests, JSON parsing, and home automation—explaining their key features, typical use‑cases, and why they’re valuable tools for developers.
In this interview, Fred Wu, Tencent’s front‑end lead, shares his experiences with full‑stack development, offers advice for aspiring front‑end engineers, discusses his team’s recent full‑stack initiatives, and predicts upcoming trends such as Flutter, low‑code, and 5G‑driven audio‑video advancements.
In a 2020 interview, Javen from IMWeb discusses how the pandemic accelerated web audio/video, the rise of WebRTC, practical challenges for large‑scale online education, and future trends toward faster, cheaper, and smarter browser‑based real‑time media.
This article explains why REST APIs have become cumbersome, introduces GraphQL as a more flexible alternative, describes its core concepts such as schema, types and modifiers, and outlines various server‑side and client‑side integration patterns and tooling options.
This article outlines the key 2021 web development trends—including Progressive Web Apps, dark‑mode UI, AI chatbots, single‑page sites, voice search, enhanced security, and cloud computing—explaining their benefits, industry adoption, and why developers must embrace them to stay competitive.
According to recent data, over 1.74 billion websites exist worldwide, and in 2021 the web development landscape will be driven by seven key trends—including Progressive Web Apps, dark‑mode UI, AI‑powered chatbots, single‑page sites, voice search, heightened security, and expanding cloud computing—each reshaping user experience and development practices.
This article analyzes three implementation scenarios for silently printing PDF procurement lists in a shipping process, compares PDF‑related technologies on stability, integration and cost, and concludes with a Lodop‑based solution that converts backend data into a hidden canvas for direct printing.
The 15th D2 Frontend Technology Forum was held online on December 19‑20, featuring 21 talks—including international sessions—covering topics such as RxJS refactoring, cross‑platform solutions, web performance, WebAssembly IoT, large‑venue seat selection, AI‑driven code generation, ES2020/2021, fault drills, testing, serverless, SSR, and Node.js, with all presentation PPTs available via a QR code.
This article introduces twelve popular open‑source Python frameworks—including Django, Tornado, Twisted, Pulsar, Bottle, Diesel, NumPy, Scrapy, Cubes, Falcon, Web2py, and Zerorpc—detailing their key features, typical use cases, and providing direct project URLs for developers seeking robust solutions.
This tutorial walks through creating a Laravel controller, view, and route to handle Ajax requests, integrating jQuery on the front end, and displaying the server response, providing a practical example for backend developers to implement asynchronous interactions in a PHP application.
This article presents a comprehensive set of JavaScript performance optimization techniques—including removing dead code, leveraging caching, preventing memory leaks, breaking loops early, minimizing variable calculations, reducing DOM access, compressing and minifying files, using throttling/debouncing, avoiding delete, employing async code, code splitting, async/defer attributes, and Web Workers—to help developers deliver faster, more efficient web applications across diverse devices.
This guide walks through Chrome DevTools features—including inspecting pseudo‑class styles, temporarily toggling classes, making pages editable, checking placeholder styles, testing performance and SEO, viewing network details, examining event handlers, searching code globally, recording runtime performance, using rendering diagnostics, and exploring application storage—providing step‑by‑step instructions with code snippets and visual examples.
Vue.js lifecycle hooks guide developers through a component’s creation, mounting, updating, and destruction phases, providing automatic callbacks such as beforeCreate, created, beforeMount, mounted, beforeUpdate, updated, beforeDestroy, and destroyed, which enable proper data fetching, DOM manipulation, reactive updates, and resource cleanup at the appropriate moments.
This article explains what responsive design is, outlines its advantages such as resource savings and SEO benefits, discusses the difficulties encountered with media queries in Ctrip's train‑ticket project, and presents concrete class‑based and server‑side solutions with code examples to improve maintainability and performance.
This article presents a curated collection of ten open‑source PHP projects—including a GitHub leak‑monitoring system, a high‑performance PHP extension, clean‑code examples, a Markdown parser, a cURL wrapper, a Swoole‑based music platform, a ThinkPHP e‑commerce suite, a self‑hosted RSS reader, a Laravel documentation manager, and a PHP interview Q&A repository—each with key features, usage snippets, and GitHub links for developers seeking robust backend tools.
This article explores why web accessibility matters for interactive applications, outlines the four core A11Y principles, and provides concrete front‑end techniques—semantic HTML, proper alt text, focus management, ARIA usage, color contrast, and testing tools—to create inclusive, user‑friendly experiences.
This tutorial explains how to define PHP variables for a student's name, birth date, subject and student number, enforce specific formatting rules, and embed the variables in a 4‑row × 2‑column HTML table to display the information on a web page.
This article explains the fundamental distinctions between HTTP GET and POST requests, covering how parameters are transmitted, browser and server behaviors, length limits, security implications, underlying TCP mechanics, and performance trade‑offs, while also debunking common misconceptions often seen in interview answers.
This curriculum outlines a three‑stage live online program covering front‑end technologies, core PHP and MySQL development, and integrated full‑stack projects with frameworks like ThinkPHP6 and Laravel, plus optional electives and practical deployment and interview preparation for enterprise‑level applications.
This article introduces JavaScript fundamentals, explains three ways to include scripts, demonstrates simple click events, shows how to use selectors, outlines event handling, and covers DOM manipulation techniques such as modifying content, styles, and classes, including retrieving computed styles.
This article presents fourteen practical techniques for creating Spring MVC controller classes, covering annotation-based definitions, interface implementation, extending abstract controllers, URL mapping, HTTP method specification, request parameter binding, model and view handling, redirects, form validation, file uploads, dependency injection, request/response access, and adherence to the single‑responsibility principle.
This article explains how Spring MVC works by walking through a simple SSM project, showing the controller implementation, configuration files, deployment steps, and then detailing the ten-step request‑handling flow from DispatcherServlet to the final view rendering.
This practical guide explains WebSocket fundamentals, demonstrates how to integrate and debug them in a project with webpack proxy and Nginx settings, implements heartbeat and reconnection logic for stability, and compares native WebSocket to Socket.io’s richer but heavier real‑time framework.
This guide outlines the essential knowledge, learning strategies, practical steps, and common pitfalls for aspiring full‑stack engineers, highlighting the advantages of mastering both front‑end and back‑end technologies and how this breadth improves development efficiency and cross‑team collaboration.
tocbot is a JavaScript library that generates a table of contents from HTML content, allowing users to navigate documents easily with scrolling synchronization.
This article explains the fundamental differences between Spring and Spring Boot, covering their core concepts, configuration methods, MVC setup, template engine integration, security configuration, bootstrapping mechanisms, and packaging/deployment options, with detailed code examples for each aspect.
This article introduces MathML, explains how to embed mathematical notation in HTML5, and provides step‑by‑step code examples—including simple equations, character usage, multiplication constructs, and matrix representation—along with browser compatibility tips and visual results.
This guide explains how to add Tomcat support to IntelliJ IDEA Community Edition by installing a compatible plugin, configuring the server and web project, handling download issues, and deploying your web application without needing the paid Ultimate edition.
This article explains the HttpServletResponse object's role in Java web development, details common response header methods, highlights differences between addXXX and setXXX, and provides four complete servlet code examples covering cache control, page refresh, file download (including Chinese filenames), and dynamic image generation.
This article explains the fundamentals of HttpSession in Java web applications, covering its server‑side nature, underlying JSESSIONID cookie mechanism, lifecycle, common API methods, configuration, and provides several practical code examples such as login verification, shopping cart handling, duplicate‑submission prevention, and cookie‑disabled session strategies.
This tutorial walks through building a Flask‑based search engine powered by Elasticsearch, covering configuration files, logging setup, blueprint routing with pagination, application initialization, and deployment options using Flask‑Script and Gunicorn, with complete code examples and a GitHub repository link.
This article explains the fundamental distinctions between GET and POST HTTP methods, covering how parameters are transmitted, browser and server constraints, underlying TCP behavior, and why POST often requires two TCP packets while GET typically uses only one.
This article reviews the latest CSS innovations presented at LondonCSS 2020, covering motion‑blur effects, scroll‑linked animations, subgrid layout, containment, content‑visibility, new color functions, variable fonts, accessibility pseudo‑classes, and advanced nesting techniques, complete with code examples and demos.
This article curates the ten most popular free open‑source admin dashboard UI frameworks, providing GitHub star counts, repository links, brief feature descriptions, and preview images to help developers quickly choose a suitable backend control panel for their web projects.
Becoming a full‑stack engineer requires mastering core web fundamentals, continuously learning diverse languages, frameworks, and infrastructure, practicing rigorous design and code quality, and bridging front‑end, back‑end, and operations knowledge to boost development efficiency, solve problems quickly, and earn peer trust across the tech stack.
This article combines a motivational start‑of‑school message with a comprehensive tutorial on building animated donut‑style charts using HTML5 canvas, covering data preparation, ring and ellipse drawing, legend creation, and smooth animation via requestAnimationFrame.
This article surveys the most influential web development technologies for 2020, covering emerging standards such as WebAssembly, progressive web apps, AI integration, blockchain, and leading frameworks like PHP, Symfony, Express.js, Django, and Angular, while highlighting market statistics, use cases, and future growth prospects.
This article presents fourteen practical techniques for writing Spring MVC controllers, covering annotation‑based definitions, interface implementation, abstract class extension, URL mapping, HTTP method handling, request parameter binding, model‑view returns, redirects, form validation, file uploads, dependency injection, servlet access, and single‑responsibility design, all illustrated with clear Java code examples.
This article explains how to create, configure, and apply custom Spring MVC interceptors in Spring Boot, including a practical example that uses Redis to block repeated requests within a short time window, with full code demonstrations.
This article demonstrates how to implement pagination and search pagination in a Java web project using Spring MVC, MyBatis, and standard pagination utilities, covering the creation of a Page utility class, MyBatis mapper configurations, DAO interfaces, service methods, controller handling, and JSP view integration.
This tutorial walks you through creating a Spring Boot web project, adding the starter dependency, implementing a REST endpoint, customizing Tomcat port and context path, and configuring Jackson for JSON output such as date formatting and global ObjectMapper settings.
This article introduces nine widely used open‑source CSS frameworks—including Bootstrap, PatternFly, Material Components, Pure, Foundation, Bulma, Skeleton, Materialize and Bootflat—detailing their features, typical use cases, GitHub activity, and links, to help developers choose the right tool for building attractive web interfaces.
This article explains the fundamental similarities and practical differences between HTTP GET and POST requests, covering how parameters are transmitted, caching behavior, URL length limits, security considerations, underlying TCP mechanics, and the impact on performance and semantics.
This article explains the fundamental distinctions between GET and POST HTTP methods, covering how parameters are transmitted, caching behavior, URL length limits, security implications, and the underlying TCP packet flow, while debunking common myths and highlighting practical considerations for developers.
Although HTTP is described as a stateless, connectionless protocol, this article dissects what “state” truly refers to, explains why the protocol lacks memory of client interactions, and demonstrates how mechanisms like cookies, sessions, and server‑side caching introduce stateful behavior to enable features such as login persistence and shopping carts.
This guide walks you through installing Django on Windows, verifying the installation, generating a new project with startproject, understanding its file structure, applying migrations, and launching the development server to see a working web page, all with clear command‑line steps.
The article outlines the latest WordPress release, highlighting performance improvements such as image lazy loading, new XML sitemap support, enhanced block editor capabilities, accessibility upgrades, and a series of developer‑focused updates including REST API block registration, environment definitions, updated libraries, and new functions for theme and plugin development.
Python’s versatility makes it essential across fields—from AI and cloud computing to web development, web scraping, game creation, and data analysis—offering high demand, lucrative careers for IT professionals and productivity boosts for non‑IT workers, as illustrated by real‑world examples and industry trends.
After mastering HTML and CSS, many learners find JavaScript daunting, so this guide outlines JavaScript's key characteristics and eight practical steps—understanding its purpose, setting goals, hands‑on practice, learning jQuery, Vue/Node, staying disciplined, frequent coding, mind‑mapping, and summarizing—to help you study JavaScript efficiently and confidently.
This article explains how Spring Boot automatically starts an embedded Tomcat server, detailing the main entry point, context creation, refresh process, and the internal Tomcat components that are instantiated and started during application startup.
This article presents a curated list of ten essential front-end development tools—including Glitch, Shadows, Coolors, Blobmaker, GetWaves, Undraw, Marcdown, Postwoman, Screely, and a CSS Grid Generator—explaining their key features and how they can streamline coding and design workflows.
In this talk, senior frontend expert Yang Zhouxuan (aka "Chenyu") shares a personal 12‑year journey through the evolution of frontend technology, the rise of Node.js, the development of Ant Group's Cloud Fengdie low‑code platform, and insights on future trends, challenges, and best practices for building enterprise applications.
The article surveys recent web and graphics advancements, covering Google’s first online Web Dev conference, a performance study of inline functions in React, Alipay’s 3D animation and gaming efforts, a Cornell‑led 3D wristband for VR, cloud gaming live streaming, a visual CNN explainer, Taro H5 optimizations, and JD’s PC homepage redesign.
This article explains the PHP http_build_query function, detailing its purpose of generating URL‑encoded query strings from arrays or objects, describing each parameter (query_data, numeric_prefix, arg_separator, enc_type), the return value, and providing multiple code examples illustrating typical usage and output.
This article explains the concept of OAuth, its typical use cases such as third‑party login, the roles of user, service provider, and platform, and provides a step‑by‑step flow with code examples for obtaining authorization codes, access tokens, and user information.
The article argues that, unless required for legacy projects, learning JSP is unnecessary today because modern frontend frameworks, Spring's shift away from JSP, and microservice architectures all render JSP obsolete for contemporary Java web development.
The talk reviews Serverless origins, defines its cloud‑native architecture that lets developers focus on business logic, highlights benefits like pay‑per‑use scaling, demonstrates rapid Next.js SSR deployment via the Serverless Framework with built‑in monitoring, and outlines a top‑down development and operations workflow.
This article explains the challenges of debugging a wide range of OTT platforms, reviews existing tools like Eruda, vConsole, and ADB, and introduces a custom remote debugger built on Chrome DevTools Protocol that unifies debugging, JavaScript execution, and data inspection across devices.
This article explores the inner workings of Java HttpSession in Tomcat, explains how sessions are stored in a thread‑safe map, examines the relationship between sessions and cookies, and investigates why browsers share cookies across different ports on the same host, leading to unexpected session behavior.
This article provides an in‑depth tutorial on Laravel routing, covering basic route definitions, HTTP verbs, parameter handling, regex constraints, route naming, grouping, middleware, prefixes, sub‑domains, namespaces, and cache management, complete with code examples for each feature.
The weekly digest highlights key findings from the 2020 Stack Overflow survey, performance tips for Google Fonts, an early look at JavaScript Records and Tuples, Svelte‑based Web Component creation, AI‑driven animation research, AR search innovations, and the major improvements introduced in Electron 9.0.0.
This article describes how to achieve fast online PDF preview by splitting PDF files into chunks, using PDF.js to load and render only visible pages on demand, and optimizing memory by clearing off‑screen content while supporting rotation, zoom, and page navigation.
This article presents a curated collection of reputable front‑end and full‑stack technical public accounts, offering valuable resources, tutorials, and community insights to assist developers in learning, project development, and professional growth.
The article reflects on how frontend development has evolved from battling performance, compatibility, and legacy issues to exploring its true potential without constraints, discusses current bottlenecks in frameworks, tooling, and languages, and looks ahead to emerging technologies such as ESBuild, Deno, and Figma that may shape its future.
This guide explains HTML form elements, common attributes like readonly, disabled, and required, and demonstrates how to build functional forms with code snippets, including input types, labels, and form association techniques for effective data submission.
This article summarizes the major ES2020 JavaScript enhancements—including Promise.allSettled, globalThis, optional chaining, nullish coalescing, import.meta, BigInt, dynamic import, private class fields, matchAll, deterministic for‑in order, and module namespace exports—providing concise explanations and code examples for each feature.
This article explains how to use Laravel's Blade templating engine for creating reusable layouts with inheritance, including child views, passing parameters, template includes, and Blade's convenient control structures such as conditionals, authentication checks, switch statements, and various loop directives, all illustrated with complete code examples.
This weekly tech roundup explains the continuation concept in JavaScript, shows how CallCC underpins React hooks, highlights 2020 front‑end trends like low‑code, serverless and AI‑driven UI generation, and reports on recent Flutter web developments and a controversial COVID‑related news story.
This tutorial provides a detailed overview of Laravel routing, covering basic route definitions, HTTP verbs, parameter handling, route naming, grouping, middleware usage, URL prefixes, subdomain routing, namespace organization, accessing current route information, and cache management, all illustrated with clear code examples.
This article provides a concise Laravel Redirect cheat sheet that explains how to use the framework's URL redirection helper with session storage, covering basic redirects, redirects with data, back navigation, named routes, controller actions, and intended redirects, accompanied by ready-to-use code examples.
This article compiles a comprehensive set of PHP interview questions covering fundamentals, session and cookie handling, database transactions, MySQL optimization, version control tools, string manipulation, HTTP status codes, MVC concepts, and practical coding tasks with detailed answers and code examples.
This article provides a concise Laravel Route cheat sheet, explaining basic route definitions, resource routes, error handling, parameters, HTTP methods, middleware, named routes, prefixes, namespaces, subdomain routing, and includes practical code examples for each feature.
This article presents a collection of ten PHP basic interview questions covering CSS properties, HTML link targets, CSS centering techniques, color and opacity concepts, JavaScript object references, parsing functions, type coercion, prototype inheritance, DOM selection methods, and AJAX versus form submission nuances.
A curated collection of high‑quality front‑end GitHub projects—including libraries, tools, UI frameworks, build systems, testing utilities, visualisation libraries, and more—provides developers with ready‑to‑use resources and links for learning and rapid development.
This article provides a concise reference of Laravel's Session helper methods, showing how to get, set, check, and manipulate session data with clear code examples for rapid backend development.
This article outlines a step‑by‑step, goal‑oriented approach to learning Vue—starting from setting clear objectives, studying official documentation, exploring open‑source projects, expanding knowledge of related libraries, and finally practicing by building a backend‑admin front‑end, enabling developers to efficiently master the framework.
This article details the technical process of creating a 3D visualization component for city management systems, covering HTML structure, CSS animations, and mathematical calculations for distributing elements on a circular path.
This article explains the distinctions between Spring and Spring Boot, covering their core concepts, Maven dependencies, MVC and template engine configurations, security setup, bootstrapping mechanisms, packaging options, and deployment strategies, with detailed code examples throughout.
This article explains how to extend a React Native project with react-native-web, covering the motivation, required dependencies, project setup, webpack and Babel configuration, entry‑file creation, AppRegistry usage, component implementation, and JDReact’s practical extensions for seamless multi‑platform deployment.
This article explains why many Chinese websites turned gray on April 4, 2020, and shows how to replicate the effect by adding a global .gray class that applies a CSS filter, providing the exact code, usage examples, and browser compatibility details.
This article explains WebRTC fundamentals, key APIs, and demonstrates how to build a browser‑based peer‑to‑peer video chat by implementing a lightweight signaling server in PHP using Swoole coroutines, complete with client‑side JavaScript code, server logic, and deployment tips.
This article compares Spring and Spring Boot, explains their core concepts, walks through MVC, template engine, and security configurations, shows Maven and Gradle dependency setups, and details how to package and deploy applications with code examples.
This article explains why micro frontends are needed, outlines their engineering and product benefits, describes key architectural requirements, shares practical decisions such as stack‑independent bootstrapping, routing, isolation, resource loading, and communication, and presents real‑world results from Ant Financial’s OneX platform.
This article chronicles John Washam’s journey from a self‑taught web developer to an AWS technical specialist, detailing his comprehensive, now Chinese‑translated, Google interview guide, the learning resources he recommends, and the practical tips and pitfalls he discovered along the way.
This tutorial shows how to generate a simple image‑based CAPTCHA using Python's Pillow library and the Sanic web framework, store the code in a session, and validate user input, with notes on adding asynchronous refresh functionality.
This article presents fourteen practical techniques for building Spring MVC controllers, covering annotation usage, interface implementation, abstract class extension, URL mapping, HTTP method specification, request parameter binding, model handling, redirects, form processing, file uploads, dependency injection, servlet access, and single‑responsibility design.
This tutorial explains how to create Django view functions for user registration and login, covering request handling, rendering templates, database interactions, and URL routing, with complete Python code examples and guidance on using the render function and request methods.
In this interview, a senior front‑end engineer from Pornhub reveals how the platform tackles video playback, ad integration, performance monitoring, and emerging Web APIs such as IntersectionObserver, WebXR, and WebRTC, while sharing insights on their tech stack, tooling, and the unique challenges of scaling adult‑content sites.
This article explains the fundamentals of HTTP caching, covering forced and conditional cache strategies, key response headers like Cache-Control, Expires, ETag, and Last-Modified, and demonstrates how browsers decide when to serve cached content versus fetching fresh data.
The article introduces Bifrost, Meituan’s Vue‑based micro‑frontend framework, detailing its background, design goals, architecture, implementation code, development practices, deployment workflow, and the benefits and challenges of adopting micro‑frontend architecture in large‑scale enterprise front‑end projects.
Postwoman (now Hoppscotch) is a free, open‑source, browser‑based API testing tool that offers a lightweight UI, real‑time responses, and extensive features such as method support, validation, WebSocket testing, and Docker deployment, making it a practical alternative for web developers.
This article compiles a comprehensive collection of free, unlimited-use API interfaces across various categories such as phone number lookup, weather, stock data, and more, providing direct URLs for each service to help developers quickly integrate external data sources.
