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Architecture & Thinking
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Architecture & Thinking

🍭 Frontline tech director and chief architect at top-tier companies 🥝 Years of deep experience in internet, e‑commerce, social, and finance sectors 🌾 Committed to publishing high‑quality articles covering core technologies of leading internet firms, application architecture, and AI breakthroughs.

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Recent Articles

Latest from Architecture & Thinking

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Architecture & Thinking
Architecture & Thinking
Mar 19, 2024 · Databases

Why MySQL Indexes Fail: 9 Common Pitfalls and How to Fix Them

This article enumerates the most frequent situations that cause MySQL indexes to become ineffective—such as violating the left‑most rule, using functions or expressions on indexed columns, type conversions, improper LIKE patterns, OR/IN/NOT IN usage, and inequality operators—and demonstrates how to reproduce and verify each case with sample data and SQL scripts.

Database OptimizationMySQLSQL
0 likes · 21 min read
Why MySQL Indexes Fail: 9 Common Pitfalls and How to Fix Them
Architecture & Thinking
Architecture & Thinking
Mar 15, 2024 · Backend Development

Why RPC Is Essential for Building Scalable IM Clusters: A Beginner’s Guide

This article explains the fundamentals of Remote Procedure Call (RPC), why it is crucial for developing production‑grade instant‑messaging clusters, how it differs from plain HTTP, the typical RPC call flow, common frameworks such as gRPC, Thrift and Dubbo, and practical considerations for high‑throughput distributed systems.

Distributed SystemsIMRPC
0 likes · 12 min read
Why RPC Is Essential for Building Scalable IM Clusters: A Beginner’s Guide
Architecture & Thinking
Architecture & Thinking
Mar 14, 2024 · Backend Development

Mastering Load Balancing: Which Strategy Suits Your System?

This article explains the role of load balancing in distributed systems and details five common strategies—Round Robin, Weighted Round Robin, IP Hash, Least Connections, and Least Response Time—highlighting their mechanisms, advantages, drawbacks, and suitable scenarios for optimal system performance.

IP HashLeast Connectionsleast response time
0 likes · 9 min read
Mastering Load Balancing: Which Strategy Suits Your System?
Architecture & Thinking
Architecture & Thinking
Mar 7, 2024 · Databases

Mastering Redis RDB Snapshots: SAVE vs BGSAVE Explained

This article explains how Redis RDB snapshots work, compares the blocking SAVE command with the asynchronous BGSAVE command, outlines their impact on performance, and provides best‑practice guidance on snapshot frequency and trade‑offs.

BGSAVEPersistenceRDB
0 likes · 10 min read
Mastering Redis RDB Snapshots: SAVE vs BGSAVE Explained
Architecture & Thinking
Architecture & Thinking
Mar 5, 2024 · Databases

How Database Middleware Solves High‑Traffic Challenges: Connection Pools, Sharding, and More

This article examines how database middleware tackles the demanding needs of large‑scale internet services by providing centralized connection‑pool management, transparent read‑write splitting, diverse load‑balancing algorithms, sharding support, automatic failover, security controls, comprehensive monitoring, and flexible backup‑recovery mechanisms.

Fault ToleranceMySQLconnection pool
0 likes · 9 min read
How Database Middleware Solves High‑Traffic Challenges: Connection Pools, Sharding, and More
Architecture & Thinking
Architecture & Thinking
Feb 13, 2024 · Backend Development

How to Evolve High‑Traffic Data Architecture: From Simple Reads to Decentralized Caching

This article explains how internet‑scale services can progressively upgrade their data architecture—from a single read/write instance to read‑write separation, multi‑region “two‑site three‑center” designs, cache fallback, and local decentralised caching—to achieve high availability and scalability.

Cachingread-write separationscalable architecture
0 likes · 6 min read
How to Evolve High‑Traffic Data Architecture: From Simple Reads to Decentralized Caching
Architecture & Thinking
Architecture & Thinking
Jan 28, 2024 · Backend Development

How Baidu’s Unified Long‑Connection Service Scales Millions of Real‑Time Connections

This article details Baidu’s internally built unified long‑connection service in Go, covering its motivation, architecture, functional implementation, performance optimizations, multi‑business support, deployment strategy, and lessons learned for delivering secure, high‑concurrency, low‑latency real‑time connectivity across mobile applications.

Real-time messagingbackend architecturegolang
0 likes · 21 min read
How Baidu’s Unified Long‑Connection Service Scales Millions of Real‑Time Connections
Architecture & Thinking
Architecture & Thinking
Jan 14, 2024 · Artificial Intelligence

How Baidu Scales Content Understanding to Trillions of Pages with AI Engineering

This article explains how Baidu processes internet‑scale content by applying deep AI‑driven understanding, detailing cost‑optimization, efficiency improvements, model‑service frameworks, resource‑scheduling systems, and batch‑compute platforms that together enable trillion‑level indexing and feature extraction.

AI engineeringBatch ComputingHTAP storage
0 likes · 16 min read
How Baidu Scales Content Understanding to Trillions of Pages with AI Engineering