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Architecture & Thinking
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Architecture & Thinking

🍭 Frontline tech director and chief architect at top-tier companies 🥝 Years of deep experience in internet, e‑commerce, social, and finance sectors 🌾 Committed to publishing high‑quality articles covering core technologies of leading internet firms, application architecture, and AI breakthroughs.

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Recent Articles

Latest from Architecture & Thinking

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Architecture & Thinking
Architecture & Thinking
Oct 10, 2024 · Backend Development

How CAS Solves High-Concurrency Consistency Issues and the Hidden ABA Problem

This article examines typical high‑concurrency scenarios such as payment processing, online ordering, and cross‑bank transfers, introduces the Compare‑and‑Swap (CAS) approach to ensure strong consistency, explains the ABA problem it can cause, and presents application‑level and data‑layer strategies—including versioning and SQL examples—to mitigate it.

ABA problemCASHigh Concurrency
0 likes · 9 min read
How CAS Solves High-Concurrency Consistency Issues and the Hidden ABA Problem
Architecture & Thinking
Architecture & Thinking
Sep 30, 2024 · Cloud Native

Understanding Service Mesh and Istio: Architecture, Deployment, and Traffic Management

This article explains the fundamentals of Service Mesh and Istio, covering their architecture, control‑plane and data‑plane components, deployment modes, key capabilities such as traffic control and security, and the interaction workflow that enables modern cloud‑native microservice environments.

IstioKubernetesMicroservices
0 likes · 9 min read
Understanding Service Mesh and Istio: Architecture, Deployment, and Traffic Management
Architecture & Thinking
Architecture & Thinking
Aug 20, 2024 · Backend Development

Master Go Configuration with Viper: A Step-by-Step Guide

This guide walks through installing Viper, creating common and environment‑specific YAML configuration files, mapping them to Go structs, setting up a global configuration holder, and initializing the config with live watching, providing a complete, runnable example for Go backend projects.

ConfigurationGoStruct Mapping
0 likes · 9 min read
Master Go Configuration with Viper: A Step-by-Step Guide
Architecture & Thinking
Architecture & Thinking
Aug 15, 2024 · Databases

How to Evolve Your Database Architecture for Massive Scale: From Monolith to Sharding

This article outlines the progressive evolution of database architectures—from simple monolithic designs to cold‑hot separation, read‑write splitting, and horizontal sharding—explaining each pattern, its components, and the performance and scalability benefits they bring to large‑scale systems.

Cold Hot SeparationDatabase ArchitectureMySQL
0 likes · 8 min read
How to Evolve Your Database Architecture for Massive Scale: From Monolith to Sharding
Architecture & Thinking
Architecture & Thinking
Aug 1, 2024 · Databases

Choosing the Right Sharding Middleware: ShardingSphere vs MyCAT vs Vitess

This article explains why sharding is needed for high‑traffic databases, outlines vertical and horizontal partitioning, and compares three popular sharding middleware—ShardingSphere, MyCAT, and Vitess—detailing their architectures, advantages, and ideal use cases to help engineers select the right solution.

Database MiddlewareMySQLdistributed architecture
0 likes · 9 min read
Choosing the Right Sharding Middleware: ShardingSphere vs MyCAT vs Vitess
Architecture & Thinking
Architecture & Thinking
Jul 24, 2024 · Databases

Why MySQL Pagination Slows Down and How to Speed It Up

This article examines why MySQL pagination using large LIMIT OFFSET values becomes increasingly slow, explains the underlying scanning behavior, and presents six practical optimization techniques—including indexed subqueries, cursor‑based pagination, column selection, partitioning, caching, and hardware considerations—to dramatically improve query performance on massive tables.

MySQLOptimizationPagination
0 likes · 7 min read
Why MySQL Pagination Slows Down and How to Speed It Up
Architecture & Thinking
Architecture & Thinking
Jul 19, 2024 · Backend Development

Why Modern Internet Architecture Gets Complex and How to Master Flash‑Sale Systems

The article examines why internet architectures have become increasingly complex, explains the unique challenges of flash‑sale (秒杀) business scenarios, and presents practical backend optimization techniques such as request filtering, Redis caching with atomic operations, ordered queues, data‑layer safeguards, and unit‑based isolation for global deployments.

ArchitectureCachingFlash Sale
0 likes · 9 min read
Why Modern Internet Architecture Gets Complex and How to Master Flash‑Sale Systems
Architecture & Thinking
Architecture & Thinking
Jun 19, 2024 · Artificial Intelligence

Build AI‑Native Apps Quickly with Spring AI: From Chat Models to RAG

This guide explains what an AI‑native application is, compares AI‑native and AI‑based approaches, and walks through Spring AI’s core features—including chat models, prompt templates, function calling, structured output, image generation, embedding, and vector stores—showing step‑by‑step code examples and how to assemble a complete AI‑native app with RAG support.

AI native applicationFunction CallingJava
0 likes · 43 min read
Build AI‑Native Apps Quickly with Spring AI: From Chat Models to RAG
Architecture & Thinking
Architecture & Thinking
Jun 18, 2024 · Fundamentals

4‑Layer vs 7‑Layer Gateways: Choosing the Right Solution for Your Network

This article explains the principles, core implementations, performance trade‑offs, and typical use cases of 4‑layer (transport‑level) and 7‑layer (application‑level) gateways, helping readers understand how each operates within the OSI/TCP‑IP models and choose the appropriate solution for their network architecture.

Load BalancingNetworkOSI
0 likes · 9 min read
4‑Layer vs 7‑Layer Gateways: Choosing the Right Solution for Your Network