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Xiaokun's Architecture Exploration Notes
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Xiaokun's Architecture Exploration Notes

10 years of backend architecture design | AI engineering infrastructure, storage architecture design, and performance optimization | Former senior developer at NetEase, Douyu, Inke, etc.

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Recent Articles

Latest from Xiaokun's Architecture Exploration Notes

61 recent articles
Xiaokun's Architecture Exploration Notes
Xiaokun's Architecture Exploration Notes
Nov 16, 2025 · Backend Development

How to Choose and Implement Architecture Contracts for Distributed Systems

This article explains why architecture‑level contract decisions are needed in distributed systems, compares strict and loose data contracts, illustrates schema‑on‑read/write patterns, and shows how to ensure forward and backward compatibility when evolving protocols such as JSON and Protobuf.

Distributed SystemsProtobufarchitecture contracts
0 likes · 11 min read
How to Choose and Implement Architecture Contracts for Distributed Systems
Xiaokun's Architecture Exploration Notes
Xiaokun's Architecture Exploration Notes
Nov 2, 2025 · Backend Development

Why Strict and Loose Contracts Matter in Microservice Architecture

This article explores the role of contracts in software architecture, explaining why architectural-level contract decisions are crucial, comparing strict and loose contracts such as gRPC, REST, and key‑value formats, and introducing consumer‑driven contracts, their trade‑offs, and practical guidelines for reducing coupling and brittleness in microservices.

Consumer-Driven ContractsMicroservicescontract design
0 likes · 15 min read
Why Strict and Loose Contracts Matter in Microservice Architecture
Xiaokun's Architecture Exploration Notes
Xiaokun's Architecture Exploration Notes
Oct 19, 2025 · Fundamentals

Analyzing Coupling in Distributed Systems Using Architecture Quantum

This article explains how to recognize and evaluate architectural coupling in distributed systems by introducing the concept of architecture quantum, detailing static and dynamic coupling, their impact on service granularity, deployment boundaries, and trade‑off analysis, and providing practical guidelines for microservice decomposition and performance optimization.

MicroservicesSoftware Architecturearchitecture quantum
0 likes · 21 min read
Analyzing Coupling in Distributed Systems Using Architecture Quantum
Xiaokun's Architecture Exploration Notes
Xiaokun's Architecture Exploration Notes
Sep 27, 2025 · Databases

How Version Vectors Resolve Conflicts in Multi‑Leader and Leaderless Replication

This article explains why version vectors are needed in multi‑leader and leaderless replication, describes their implementation and comparison rules, and presents practical conflict‑resolution strategies—including custom resolvers, last‑write‑wins, read‑repair, and request rejection—supported by Java pseudocode and diagrams.

Distributed SystemsMulti-LeaderReplication
0 likes · 16 min read
How Version Vectors Resolve Conflicts in Multi‑Leader and Leaderless Replication
Xiaokun's Architecture Exploration Notes
Xiaokun's Architecture Exploration Notes
Sep 14, 2025 · Fundamentals

How Lamport Clocks Enable Causal Ordering in Distributed Systems

Lamport Clocks provide a lightweight logical timestamp mechanism that captures the 'happens‑before' relationship between events, enabling causal ordering across distributed replicas, supporting versioned keys, MVCC storage, partial ordering, and highlighting both practical applications and inherent limitations in real‑world systems.

Distributed SystemsLamport ClockMVCC
0 likes · 16 min read
How Lamport Clocks Enable Causal Ordering in Distributed Systems
Xiaokun's Architecture Exploration Notes
Xiaokun's Architecture Exploration Notes
Aug 31, 2025 · R&D Management

Why Documentation Is the Architect’s Secret Programming Language

This article summarizes key insights from “Documents: The architect’s programming language,” explaining why documentation acts as an architect’s programming language, outlining core principles, practical writing techniques like bullet points, headers, and avoiding wall‑of‑text, and showing how to organize, review, and share high‑impact documents throughout a project’s lifecycle.

CollaborationDocumentationR&D
0 likes · 10 min read
Why Documentation Is the Architect’s Secret Programming Language
Xiaokun's Architecture Exploration Notes
Xiaokun's Architecture Exploration Notes
Aug 17, 2025 · Backend Development

Why Multi-Leader Replication Causes Conflicts and How to Tackle Them

This article examines how single‑value objects encounter data‑value conflicts in multi‑leader replication architectures, explains the role of causal ordering versus concurrent writes, and outlines the need for global clocks, versioning, and broadcast mechanisms to resolve such conflicts.

Distributed SystemsVersion Vectorconflict resolution
0 likes · 7 min read
Why Multi-Leader Replication Causes Conflicts and How to Tackle Them
Xiaokun's Architecture Exploration Notes
Xiaokun's Architecture Exploration Notes
Aug 10, 2025 · Databases

How Single-Leader Replication Handles Write Conflicts: Strategies and Insights

This article examines write conflicts in single-leader replication, comparing exclusive and shared data, exploring uniqueness constraints, async replication delays, and various conflict‑resolution techniques such as unique indexes, bitmap mapping, LWW ordering, and multi‑version control for collaborative editing.

ConsistencyDistributed SystemsReplication
0 likes · 9 min read
How Single-Leader Replication Handles Write Conflicts: Strategies and Insights
Xiaokun's Architecture Exploration Notes
Xiaokun's Architecture Exploration Notes
Aug 3, 2025 · Fundamentals

Understanding Causal Consistency: Order Guarantees, Lamport Timestamps, and Total Order Broadcast

This article explains the challenges of implementing causal consistency, compares it with linear and sequential consistency, describes how order guarantees are enforced in leader‑based replication, introduces Lamport timestamps and total‑order broadcast, and outlines practical approaches for achieving causal consistency in distributed systems.

ConsistencyDistributed SystemsLamport timestamp
0 likes · 14 min read
Understanding Causal Consistency: Order Guarantees, Lamport Timestamps, and Total Order Broadcast