Tagged articles
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21CTO
21CTO
Nov 21, 2015 · Backend Development

How to Become a Successful Web Architect: Essential Skills & Roadmap

This article outlines the common pitfalls programmers face on the path to web architecture, emphasizes mastering object‑oriented fundamentals, design patterns, and refactoring, and provides a detailed roadmap of the technical, operational, and managerial knowledge required to become a competent web architect.

Backend DevelopmentCareer DevelopmentDesign Patterns
0 likes · 19 min read
How to Become a Successful Web Architect: Essential Skills & Roadmap
Node Underground
Node Underground
Nov 17, 2015 · Backend Development

nvm vs n: Which Node.js Version Manager Should You Choose?

This article compares the two popular Node.js version managers, nvm and n, examining their installation methods, system support, handling of global modules, and path configuration to help developers decide which tool best fits their workflow.

Backend DevelopmentNVMNode.js
0 likes · 6 min read
nvm vs n: Which Node.js Version Manager Should You Choose?
21CTO
21CTO
Nov 13, 2015 · Backend Development

How I Reengineered EQueue to Use File-Based Persistence for Faster Messaging

The article details the author's multi‑month effort to replace SQL Server persistence in the open‑source EQueue message queue with a high‑performance local file storage solution, covering the motivations, design considerations, chunked binary file format, write‑and‑read mechanisms, and flushing strategies.

Backend DevelopmentCEQueue
0 likes · 17 min read
How I Reengineered EQueue to Use File-Based Persistence for Faster Messaging
Architect
Architect
Nov 8, 2015 · Backend Development

Weibo Platform Third‑Generation Architecture Overview

The article details how Weibo evolved from a LAMP‑based first generation to a third‑generation, orthogonal three‑layer (interface, service, resource) and four‑vertical (business, technology, monitoring, governance) architecture that supports massive high‑availability, high‑concurrency workloads with middleware such as Web V4, MCQ, Motan, object store, SSDCache, and the WatchMan distributed tracing system.

Backend DevelopmentDistributed TracingWeibo
0 likes · 10 min read
Weibo Platform Third‑Generation Architecture Overview
21CTO
21CTO
Nov 7, 2015 · Backend Development

PHP 7 vs HHVM: Which Backend Engine Delivers Faster Performance?

An in‑depth comparison of PHP 7 and Facebook’s HHVM examines their origins, compilation approaches, real‑world benchmark results on platforms like WordPress and Drupal, and adoption by companies such as Wikimedia and Etsy, helping developers decide which backend runtime best suits their web projects.

Backend DevelopmentPHPWeb Development
0 likes · 10 min read
PHP 7 vs HHVM: Which Backend Engine Delivers Faster Performance?
21CTO
21CTO
Nov 5, 2015 · Artificial Intelligence

Inside Weibo’s Recommendation Engine: Architecture, Layers, and Key Technologies

This article outlines the four‑layer architecture of Weibo’s recommendation system—front‑end (RFront), application (RApp), compute (RCompute), and data (RStore)—detailing each layer’s purpose, technologies such as CRF, nginx+Lua, C++ frameworks, and supporting tools for logging, monitoring, and evaluation.

AIBackend DevelopmentWeibo
0 likes · 10 min read
Inside Weibo’s Recommendation Engine: Architecture, Layers, and Key Technologies
21CTO
21CTO
Nov 2, 2015 · Backend Development

How to Maximize System Load Capacity: Metrics, Bottlenecks, and Tuning Strategies

This article explains how to measure a system's load capacity, identifies key factors such as bandwidth, hardware, and OS settings, and provides practical optimization techniques for Linux, Nginx, Tomcat, and databases to achieve higher concurrency and better performance.

Backend DevelopmentTomcatperformance tuning
0 likes · 15 min read
How to Maximize System Load Capacity: Metrics, Bottlenecks, and Tuning Strategies
Ctrip Technology
Ctrip Technology
Oct 30, 2015 · Backend Development

Highlights from the 4th ESCC Domestic Developer Conference in Shanghai

The fourth ESCC domestic developer conference held at Ctrip's headquarters in Shanghai gathered around 100 engineers to share ElasticSearch product roadmaps, core search system experiences, Kibana 4 features, and best practices for building high‑throughput ELK clusters.

Backend DevelopmentELKSearch
0 likes · 2 min read
Highlights from the 4th ESCC Domestic Developer Conference in Shanghai
Node Underground
Node Underground
Oct 27, 2015 · Backend Development

Why Node.js Became the Backbone of Modern Web Development

This article traces Node.js’s evolution from a modest 2009 V8‑based runtime to a dominant backend platform, highlighting npm’s impact, its event‑driven, non‑blocking architecture, real‑world strengths and limitations, and why careful evaluation is essential before adopting it.

Backend DevelopmentEvent-drivenJavaScript
0 likes · 6 min read
Why Node.js Became the Backbone of Modern Web Development
21CTO
21CTO
Oct 24, 2015 · Backend Development

How 58.com Scales 40 Billion Daily Requests: Inside the Bangbang Architecture

This article details how 58.com’s Bangbang system evolved from a traditional IM platform to a massive, multi‑layered architecture handling over 40 billion daily requests, covering its four‑layer design, third‑party integration challenges, client lightweighting, and the push technologies that power its mobile O2O services.

Backend DevelopmentInstant MessagingScalability
0 likes · 8 min read
How 58.com Scales 40 Billion Daily Requests: Inside the Bangbang Architecture
Architect
Architect
Oct 21, 2015 · Backend Development

Introduction to REST API Design and Security Practices

This article explains the fundamentals of REST APIs, outlines HTTP methods, recommends JSON payloads, and details authentication, authorization, URL filtering, encryption, rate limiting, error handling, and other security measures for building robust backend services.

AuthenticationAuthorizationBackend Development
0 likes · 10 min read
Introduction to REST API Design and Security Practices
21CTO
21CTO
Oct 15, 2015 · Backend Development

How Weibo’s Recommendation Engine Evolved: From Isolated 1.0 to Platform‑Scale 3.0

This article traces the evolution of Weibo’s recommendation architecture across three major phases—independent 1.0, layered 2.0, and platform‑centric 3.0—detailing the environmental drivers, technical components, advantages, shortcomings, and key outcomes of each stage.

Backend DevelopmentScalable DesignWeibo
0 likes · 19 min read
How Weibo’s Recommendation Engine Evolved: From Isolated 1.0 to Platform‑Scale 3.0
Qunar Tech Salon
Qunar Tech Salon
Oct 15, 2015 · Backend Development

Getting Started with Celery: Architecture, Installation, and Basic Usage

This article introduces Celery, a Python‑based distributed task queue, explains its three‑part architecture, shows how to install RabbitMQ and Celery on an AWS EC2 Linux instance, and provides step‑by‑step code examples for defining tasks, running workers, and retrieving asynchronous results.

Backend DevelopmentDistributed TasksRabbitMQ
0 likes · 6 min read
Getting Started with Celery: Architecture, Installation, and Basic Usage
21CTO
21CTO
Oct 14, 2015 · Backend Development

Essential PHP Tools and Standards Every Backend Developer Should Know

This article introduces essential PHP development tools and standards—including PSR specifications, Composer dependency management, php‑cs‑fixer formatting, PsySH REPL, and popular frameworks like Laravel, Symfony, and Yii—explaining their purposes, core features, and how they improve modern backend workflows.

Backend DevelopmentComposerPHP CS Fixer
0 likes · 10 min read
Essential PHP Tools and Standards Every Backend Developer Should Know
21CTO
21CTO
Oct 6, 2015 · Backend Development

15 Essential PHP Libraries Every Backend Developer Should Know

This article introduces fifteen powerful PHP libraries—from testing tools like Mink and Parody to networking utilities such as Requests and Unirest—detailing each library’s purpose, key features, and usage, helping backend developers accelerate web development and enhance application capabilities.

Backend DevelopmentPHPWeb Development
0 likes · 9 min read
15 Essential PHP Libraries Every Backend Developer Should Know
21CTO
21CTO
Sep 27, 2015 · Backend Development

Understanding PHP’s Strict Types: Scalar Type Declarations Explained

This article explains the PHP RFC that introduces four new scalar type declarations (int, float, string, bool) and the declare(strict_types=1) directive, comparing strict and weak type checking, showing code examples, and discussing the rationale and impact on existing codebases.

Backend DevelopmentPHPdeclare directive
0 likes · 12 min read
Understanding PHP’s Strict Types: Scalar Type Declarations Explained
21CTO
21CTO
Sep 25, 2015 · Backend Development

Building a High‑Performance Asynchronous MySQL Proxy with Swoole

This article explains how to create an asynchronous MySQL proxy server using the Swoole extension, detailing connection pooling, idle/busy management, request queuing, and providing a complete PHP implementation that reduces MySQL load and network overhead for PHP applications.

AsynchronousBackend DevelopmentConnection Pool
0 likes · 6 min read
Building a High‑Performance Asynchronous MySQL Proxy with Swoole
Architect
Architect
Sep 21, 2015 · Backend Development

Understanding SOAP Web Services: Elements, Structure, and Example

This article explains the three core components of SOAP web services—SOAP, WSDL, and UDDI—detailing their XML structures, message envelopes, headers, faults, and providing concrete request and response examples while also comparing development approaches and the role of UDDI.

Backend DevelopmentSOAPUDDI
0 likes · 9 min read
Understanding SOAP Web Services: Elements, Structure, and Example
21CTO
21CTO
Sep 19, 2015 · Backend Development

Can PHP + Swoole Compete with C++ for High‑Concurrency Servers?

The article examines why PHP’s lack of native multithreading isn’t a fatal flaw for high‑concurrency servers when paired with Swoole, compares process‑based and thread‑based models, debunks performance myths, and highlights the productivity benefits of using PHP over C++.

Backend DevelopmentPHPSwoole
0 likes · 5 min read
Can PHP + Swoole Compete with C++ for High‑Concurrency Servers?
Qunar Tech Salon
Qunar Tech Salon
Sep 14, 2015 · Backend Development

Technical Talk Series: Engineering Node.js Development, SEO, Watcher Monitoring, Native Modules, Code Elegance, Chrome Extensions, and Web Components

A series of internal technical talks covers engineering Node.js development and operations, fast SEO and watcher solutions, native module creation, code elegance principles, rapid Chrome plugin development, and the future of web componentization, inviting staff to attend on September 19.

Backend DevelopmentChrome extensionsNative Modules
0 likes · 5 min read
Technical Talk Series: Engineering Node.js Development, SEO, Watcher Monitoring, Native Modules, Code Elegance, Chrome Extensions, and Web Components
21CTO
21CTO
Sep 10, 2015 · Backend Development

Why Laravel Dominates PHP: Key Features and Best Practices

This article explores why Laravel has become the most successful PHP framework, highlighting its modular architecture, extensive package ecosystem, micro‑service support through Lumen, elegant routing, middleware security, caching, authentication, task automation, encryption, ORM, testing, and queue handling.

Backend DevelopmentLaravelMicroservices
0 likes · 7 min read
Why Laravel Dominates PHP: Key Features and Best Practices
21CTO
21CTO
Sep 8, 2015 · Backend Development

Can PHP + Swoole Rival C++ for High‑Concurrency Servers? Myths Explained

Although many claim PHP with Swoole is unsuitable for high‑concurrency servers compared to C++, this article explains how PHP’s process model, Swoole’s Table and Atomic features, and careful design can achieve comparable performance while offering faster development, and discusses the trade‑offs of multithreading versus multiprocessing.

Backend DevelopmentPHPSwoole
0 likes · 6 min read
Can PHP + Swoole Rival C++ for High‑Concurrency Servers? Myths Explained
21CTO
21CTO
Sep 7, 2015 · Backend Development

Why PHP 7.0 RC2 Doubles Performance Over PHP 5 – Key Features Explained

PHP 7.0 RC2, released Friday, delivers up to 2‑2.5× speed improvements over PHP 5.3‑5.6 while using less memory, introduces a new Zend Engine with 64‑bit support, exception‑based fatal errors, null coalescing, combined comparison, return and scalar type declarations, anonymous classes, and more.

Backend DevelopmentPHPPHP 7
0 likes · 2 min read
Why PHP 7.0 RC2 Doubles Performance Over PHP 5 – Key Features Explained
Architect
Architect
Jul 12, 2015 · Backend Development

Evolution and Architecture of Meituan's Supply Chain System

The article describes Meituan's supply chain platform evolution from a manual, low‑volume system to a highly automated, multi‑business supporting architecture, detailing its stages, modular product center design, and the platform‑plus‑differentiation approach that enables rapid scaling across various services.

Backend DevelopmentMeituanSupply Chain
0 likes · 11 min read
Evolution and Architecture of Meituan's Supply Chain System
Architect
Architect
Jul 11, 2015 · Backend Development

From Zero to One: Architecture and Development Practices of the Meiya Beauty Video Community

The article shares Meiya's journey from a small startup to a full‑featured beauty video platform, detailing common early‑stage challenges, communication and protocol strategies, RESTful API design, development workflow, toolchain choices like Laravel, DB migrations, iOS libraries, ELK logging, and DevOps automation with SaltStack.

Backend DevelopmentDevOpsELK
0 likes · 12 min read
From Zero to One: Architecture and Development Practices of the Meiya Beauty Video Community
MaGe Linux Operations
MaGe Linux Operations
Jul 3, 2015 · Backend Development

How to Share Tomcat Sessions Across a Cluster Using MSM and Memcached

This guide explains how to achieve high‑availability Tomcat session sharing in a clustered environment by installing and configuring MSM (Memcached Session Manager) with Memcached, setting up Nginx as a load balancer, and demonstrating failover handling for both Tomcat and Memcached nodes.

Backend DevelopmentMSMMemcached
0 likes · 18 min read
How to Share Tomcat Sessions Across a Cluster Using MSM and Memcached
Art of Distributed System Architecture Design
Art of Distributed System Architecture Design
Jun 27, 2015 · Backend Development

Design Decisions Behind NGINX’s High Performance and Scalability

NGINX achieves high performance and scalability by using a multi‑process architecture with a single master process, multiple single‑threaded non‑blocking worker processes, and dedicated cache loader/manager processes, limiting worker count per CPU core and handling many connections via an event‑driven state machine.

Backend DevelopmentEvent-drivenScalability
0 likes · 5 min read
Design Decisions Behind NGINX’s High Performance and Scalability
Ctrip Technology
Ctrip Technology
May 27, 2015 · Backend Development

20 Years of Java: Birth, Evolution, and Future

This article chronicles Java's origin in the mid‑1990s, its rapid growth, challenges, open‑source transformation, and enduring impact on backend development, cloud, big data, and mobile platforms, while projecting its continued relevance for the next two decades.

AndroidBackend DevelopmentJava
0 likes · 8 min read
20 Years of Java: Birth, Evolution, and Future
Art of Distributed System Architecture Design
Art of Distributed System Architecture Design
May 16, 2015 · Backend Development

Understanding Modern PHP Features: Namespaces, Traits, Closures, Generators, and New Language Additions

This article introduces the latest PHP language features—including namespaces, traits, closures, generators, and a range of new syntax enhancements—explaining their purpose, usage, and code examples to help developers build modern, maintainable web applications.

Backend DevelopmentGeneratorsNamespaces
0 likes · 17 min read
Understanding Modern PHP Features: Namespaces, Traits, Closures, Generators, and New Language Additions
Qunar Tech Salon
Qunar Tech Salon
Mar 13, 2015 · Backend Development

Design and Optimization of Massive Push Services Using Netty

This article analyzes common push‑service questions, presents a real‑world IoT case of memory leakage, and outlines key design points—including kernel limits, CLOSE_WAIT handling, heartbeat configuration, buffer management, memory pooling, logging pitfalls, TCP tuning, and JVM settings—to build a scalable, stable Netty‑based push server for millions of concurrent connections.

Backend DevelopmentJavaNetty
0 likes · 24 min read
Design and Optimization of Massive Push Services Using Netty
Art of Distributed System Architecture Design
Art of Distributed System Architecture Design
Mar 7, 2015 · Backend Development

Why gRPC Is the High‑Performance RPC Framework for Modern Apps

gRPC, an open‑source RPC framework built by Google on HTTP/2 and Protocol Buffers, offers strong IDL capabilities, multi‑language support, and efficient streaming that reduce bandwidth, CPU usage, and battery drain, making it ideal for low‑latency, scalable backend and mobile client architectures.

Backend DevelopmentCloud NativeHTTP/2
0 likes · 4 min read
Why gRPC Is the High‑Performance RPC Framework for Modern Apps
Qunar Tech Salon
Qunar Tech Salon
Feb 20, 2015 · Backend Development

Overview of How Web Servers Work and the Role of Java Servlets

This article explains the fundamentals of web servers, application servers, and web containers, describes the Java Servlet API—including Servlet, ServletContext, ServletRequest, ServletResponse, and session handling—and provides guidance on thread safety with illustrative code examples.

Backend DevelopmentHTTPJava
0 likes · 11 min read
Overview of How Web Servers Work and the Role of Java Servlets
Baidu Tech Salon
Baidu Tech Salon
Dec 30, 2014 · Backend Development

The Split of Node.js: Emergence of Io.js and Its Implications for the Backend Community

Discontent with Joyent’s corporate stewardship prompted several core Node.js developers to fork the runtime into Io.js, releasing a V8‑upgraded alpha in January 2015, a move that highlights open‑source governance tensions and could reshape backend adoption by offering a more autonomous, community‑driven platform.

Backend DevelopmentNode.jscommunity governance
0 likes · 8 min read
The Split of Node.js: Emergence of Io.js and Its Implications for the Backend Community
Baidu Tech Salon
Baidu Tech Salon
Dec 29, 2014 · Backend Development

Useful PHP Code Snippets for Common Tasks

These practical PHP snippets demonstrate how to implement a blacklist filter, generate random colors, download files, retrieve Alexa/Google page rank, force file downloads, display Gravatars, fetch RSS subscriber counts, calculate time‑ago strings, crop images, and check website availability, streamlining everyday development tasks.

Backend DevelopmentPHPcode snippets
0 likes · 10 min read
Useful PHP Code Snippets for Common Tasks
Qunar Tech Salon
Qunar Tech Salon
Nov 15, 2014 · Backend Development

Understanding the Actor Model with Akka: Concepts, Messaging, and Fault Tolerance

This article summarizes Arun Manivannan's six‑post series that uses clear analogies and simple Akka examples to explain the Actor model, its message‑passing semantics, lifecycle, hierarchical structure, fault‑tolerance mechanisms, and cross‑platform implementations for building concurrent backend systems.

AkkaBackend Developmentactor-model
0 likes · 5 min read
Understanding the Actor Model with Akka: Concepts, Messaging, and Fault Tolerance
Baidu Tech Salon
Baidu Tech Salon
Sep 11, 2014 · Backend Development

The Benefits of Software Maintenance and Debugging for Developers

Software maintenance and debugging sharpen analytical and coding skills, expose developers to diverse tools and legacy systems, improve performance optimization and database knowledge, foster client relationships and referrals, provide steady income, and allow quick, focused work that deepens business understanding while avoiding large‑scale outsourcing.

Backend DevelopmentDebuggingLegacy Code
0 likes · 9 min read
The Benefits of Software Maintenance and Debugging for Developers
Baidu Tech Salon
Baidu Tech Salon
Aug 5, 2014 · Backend Development

A Tale of Bug Fixing: Thinking Beyond the Immediate Solution

After a rushed fix for a division‑by‑zero bug caused incorrect results, the team learns to validate data at its source, adopt proper validation frameworks, and step back to understand underlying requirements, emphasizing that thoughtful design outweighs quick code patches.

Backend DevelopmentPHPbug fixing
0 likes · 6 min read
A Tale of Bug Fixing: Thinking Beyond the Immediate Solution
Baidu Tech Salon
Baidu Tech Salon
Jul 31, 2014 · Backend Development

15 Best PHP Frameworks for Modern Web Development

This guide reviews fifteen top modern PHP frameworks—including Yaf, Nette, Guzzle, Phalcon, and others—highlighting their performance, security, ease of use, and specialized features such as C‑based extensions, lightweight databases, and behavior‑driven development to help developers quickly build efficient, dynamic web applications.

Backend DevelopmentPHP MVCPHP development tools
0 likes · 7 min read
15 Best PHP Frameworks for Modern Web Development
Baidu Tech Salon
Baidu Tech Salon
Jun 16, 2014 · Backend Development

Y Combinator Analysis: Programming Languages and Frameworks Popularity Among Startups

Y Combinator’s study of 90 startups shows Ruby on Rails edging out Python for the top web‑development platform, while Python/Django dominates backend work, and languages such as C++, Scala, Go, Haskell, Clojure and Node.js are chosen for performance‑critical storage, data analysis, AI, finance and API services.

Backend DevelopmentPythonRuby on Rails
0 likes · 5 min read
Y Combinator Analysis: Programming Languages and Frameworks Popularity Among Startups
Baidu Tech Salon
Baidu Tech Salon
Apr 28, 2014 · Backend Development

The Elevator Bug: A Debugging Story

After weeks of puzzling over intermittent socket disconnections in a persistent‑connection server, the author finally traced the fault to a missing timeout/notification when the remote service drops while awaiting an authentication code—a revelation sparked by a noisy office party, a spilled cola, and a missed elevator.

Backend DevelopmentDebuggingproblem-solving
0 likes · 7 min read
The Elevator Bug: A Debugging Story
ITPUB
ITPUB
Apr 15, 2014 · Backend Development

What Java 8 Brings and Why Full‑Stack Engineers Favor NoSQL Over RDBMS

In this interview a veteran full‑stack engineer shares his career path, explains Java 8’s key features such as lambda expressions and JavaFX enhancements, offers practical advice for programmers, and discusses the complementary roles of NoSQL and relational databases, highlighting MongoDB’s strengths.

Backend DevelopmentJava 8Lambda Expressions
0 likes · 9 min read
What Java 8 Brings and Why Full‑Stack Engineers Favor NoSQL Over RDBMS
Baidu Tech Salon
Baidu Tech Salon
Mar 19, 2014 · Backend Development

Understanding HHVM: Facebook's High-Performance PHP Virtual Machine and Its JIT Optimization

HHVM, Facebook’s high‑performance PHP virtual machine, uses a type‑driven tracelet JIT and custom bytecode to achieve up to nine‑fold speed gains, making runtime optimization the only practical solution for Facebook’s massive codebase while requiring careful compatibility testing, memory management, and Hack language support.

Backend DevelopmentFacebookJIT
0 likes · 18 min read
Understanding HHVM: Facebook's High-Performance PHP Virtual Machine and Its JIT Optimization