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Shopee Tech Team
Shopee Tech Team
Aug 26, 2021 · Databases

Database Architecture Evolution and Sharding Practice in Shopee's Logistics Service

Shopee’s Logistics Channel Service migrated from a shared‑cluster MySQL setup to dedicated clusters, added TiDB for transient tracking data, and ultimately adopted hash‑based sharding with separate order and tracking services plus an asynchronous compensation mechanism, enabling uniform data distribution, cross‑database consistency, six‑month archiving, and scalable growth without rebalancing.

Database ArchitectureDistributed SystemsTiDB
0 likes · 18 min read
Database Architecture Evolution and Sharding Practice in Shopee's Logistics Service
DeWu Technology
DeWu Technology
Aug 13, 2021 · Databases

Smooth Migration from Client-Side to Proxy-Side Sharding in Database Architecture

The article explains how to transition from client‑side sharding with Sharding‑JDBC to proxy‑side sharding using Rainbow Bridge DAL by adding new, switchable data sources, employing AbstractRoutingDataSource and configuration flags for gradual migration, while addressing read‑write separation, unsupported SQL functions, and ensuring backward compatibility.

Backward CompatibilityDynamic Data SourceRainbow Bridge DAL
0 likes · 7 min read
Smooth Migration from Client-Side to Proxy-Side Sharding in Database Architecture
IT Architects Alliance
IT Architects Alliance
Aug 11, 2021 · Backend Development

Understanding High Concurrency and Strategies to Boost System Throughput

The article explains what high concurrency means, outlines key performance metrics such as response time, throughput, QPS, TPS and concurrent users, and presents vertical and horizontal scaling techniques—including hardware upgrades, caching, load balancing, sharding, micro‑services, multithreading and CDN—to improve a system's ability to handle massive parallel requests.

CDNMicroservicesScalability
0 likes · 5 min read
Understanding High Concurrency and Strategies to Boost System Throughput
21CTO
21CTO
Aug 1, 2021 · Backend Development

What Does It Take to Become a Great Software Architect? Key Skills and Practices

This article outlines the career path toward software architecture, detailing the market expectations, essential competencies such as project management, technical depth, business insight, communication, decision‑making, and optimization techniques for systems, backend services, and databases, while emphasizing continuous learning and community involvement.

Backend DevelopmentPerformance OptimizationSoftware Architecture
0 likes · 17 min read
What Does It Take to Become a Great Software Architect? Key Skills and Practices
Top Architect
Top Architect
Jul 27, 2021 · Databases

ShardingSphere-Jdbc Overview, MySQL Master‑Slave Replication, Binlog & Redo Log, and Sharding Implementation

This article introduces ShardingSphere‑Jdbc as a lightweight Java JDBC framework, details step‑by‑step Docker‑based MySQL master‑slave replication configuration, reviews redo log and binlog mechanisms, explains two‑phase commit, and demonstrates read‑write splitting and sharding strategies with Spring Boot examples.

JDBCShardingSpheredatabase sharding
0 likes · 28 min read
ShardingSphere-Jdbc Overview, MySQL Master‑Slave Replication, Binlog & Redo Log, and Sharding Implementation
Full-Stack Internet Architecture
Full-Stack Internet Architecture
Jun 29, 2021 · Databases

Quick Integration of ShardingSphere for Database Sharding in Spring Boot

This article explains how to use Spring Boot to quickly integrate ShardingSphere for database sharding, covering the background of massive data storage challenges, the advantages of ShardingSphere, step‑by‑step project setup, configuration of data sources and sharding strategies, and a complete test example.

Inline Sharding StrategyMyBatisSharding-JDBC
0 likes · 13 min read
Quick Integration of ShardingSphere for Database Sharding in Spring Boot
Top Architect
Top Architect
Jun 22, 2021 · Databases

Database Sharding: Strategies, Bottlenecks, and Best Practices

This article explains the performance bottlenecks of relational databases, introduces sharding concepts such as horizontal, vertical, and table partitioning, discusses associated challenges like distributed transactions and global primary keys, and provides practical solutions and tool recommendations for implementing effective database partitioning.

Distributed TransactionsGlobal ID GenerationPerformance Optimization
0 likes · 18 min read
Database Sharding: Strategies, Bottlenecks, and Best Practices
IT Architects Alliance
IT Architects Alliance
Jun 15, 2021 · Backend Development

System Splitting and Architectural Evolution: Strategies for Scaling and Robustness

The article explains how increasing business complexity and system throughput drive the need for system splitting, decoupling, and architectural evolution—covering horizontal scaling, vertical and business splitting, database sharding, caching, and the transition to micro‑services to improve capacity, stability, and performance.

MicroservicesScalabilityarchitecture
0 likes · 10 min read
System Splitting and Architectural Evolution: Strategies for Scaling and Robustness
Code Ape Tech Column
Code Ape Tech Column
May 7, 2021 · Industry Insights

How to Design a Scalable, High‑Performance Distributed E‑Commerce Architecture

This article provides a comprehensive technical overview of large‑scale distributed website architecture, covering characteristics, goals, common patterns, high‑performance and high‑availability designs, scalability, extensibility, security, agility, a seven‑layer reference model, and the evolutionary steps of modern e‑commerce systems.

Distributed SystemsMicroservicesScalability
0 likes · 26 min read
How to Design a Scalable, High‑Performance Distributed E‑Commerce Architecture
dbaplus Community
dbaplus Community
Apr 5, 2021 · Databases

When and How to Apply Database Sharding: Practical Guidelines and Pitfalls

This article explains why database performance bottlenecks arise, outlines criteria for deciding when to shard databases and tables, and provides detailed strategies for SQL tuning, table restructuring, horizontal and vertical splitting, single‑ versus multi‑database sharding, as well as handling cross‑database joins, distributed transactions, pagination, and ID generation.

Distributed TransactionsID generationPerformance Optimization
0 likes · 12 min read
When and How to Apply Database Sharding: Practical Guidelines and Pitfalls
Programmer DD
Programmer DD
Mar 31, 2021 · Backend Development

How to Choose the Right Distributed ID Generation Strategy for Scalable Systems

This article examines common distributed ID generation methods—including UUID, MySQL auto‑increment, multi‑instance auto‑increment, Snowflake, and Redis—detailing their advantages, drawbacks, and practical use cases, and presents advanced designs such as database‑driven ID blocks, concurrency handling, and double‑buffer techniques for high‑traffic systems.

database shardingdistributed-idredis
0 likes · 13 min read
How to Choose the Right Distributed ID Generation Strategy for Scalable Systems
Alibaba Cloud Developer
Alibaba Cloud Developer
Mar 21, 2021 · Databases

Mastering Database Sharding: Theory, Design, and TDDL Implementation

This article explains what database sharding (splitting databases and tables) is, why it improves performance and availability, how to choose between horizontal and vertical partitioning, design ID generation, handle distributed transactions, migrate data smoothly, and configure Alibaba's TDDL middleware with practical code examples.

ID generationTDDLVertical Partitioning
0 likes · 20 min read
Mastering Database Sharding: Theory, Design, and TDDL Implementation
Java Backend Technology
Java Backend Technology
Mar 11, 2021 · Databases

Combine Hash and Range Sharding to Prevent Hotspots Without Data Migration

This article explains how to split large-scale database tables using vertical and horizontal partitioning, compares hash-modulo and range-based sharding, and proposes a hybrid approach that leverages both methods to balance data distribution, avoid hotspot issues, and eliminate the need for costly data migrations during scaling.

Data MigrationHash ShardingRange Sharding
0 likes · 13 min read
Combine Hash and Range Sharding to Prevent Hotspots Without Data Migration
vivo Internet Technology
vivo Internet Technology
Mar 3, 2021 · Backend Development

Design and Implementation of a Hundred-Million-Level User Center System

The article outlines a microservice‑based user‑center architecture for handling over one hundred million users, detailing gateway, core, and async services, interface design, vertical and horizontal database sharding, token graceful degradation, multi‑layer password security, event‑driven async processing, and comprehensive monitoring for high availability, performance, and security.

Backend ArchitectureMicroservicesSystem Design
0 likes · 14 min read
Design and Implementation of a Hundred-Million-Level User Center System
ITFLY8 Architecture Home
ITFLY8 Architecture Home
Feb 21, 2021 · Databases

How Ant Financial Scales to 540k TPS: Inside LDC Architecture, Unitization, and CAP Analysis

This article explains how Ant Financial’s payment system grew from 20,000 transactions per minute in 2010 to 540,000 TPS in 2019 by adopting logical data centers (LDC), unitized architecture (RZone, GZone, CZone), OceanBase’s Paxos‑based consensus, and sophisticated traffic steering and disaster‑recovery strategies.

CAP theoremDistributed SystemsOceanBase
0 likes · 41 min read
How Ant Financial Scales to 540k TPS: Inside LDC Architecture, Unitization, and CAP Analysis
NiuNiu MaTe
NiuNiu MaTe
Feb 21, 2021 · Databases

Mastering Database Sharding: When and How to Split Tables Effectively

This article explains why large tables hurt performance, defines database sharding and its vertical and horizontal strategies, compares partitioning by key, size, or time, and outlines practical implementation options and migration steps for robust, scalable backend systems.

Backend DevelopmentTable Partitioningdatabase sharding
0 likes · 12 min read
Mastering Database Sharding: When and How to Split Tables Effectively
Architects' Tech Alliance
Architects' Tech Alliance
Jan 27, 2021 · Backend Development

Evolution of Server‑Side Architecture from Single Machine to Cloud‑Native Scale

This article outlines the step‑by‑step evolution of a high‑traffic server architecture—from a single‑machine deployment to distributed clusters, caching, load balancing, database sharding, microservices, containerization, and cloud platforms—highlighting the technologies involved at each stage and summarizing key design principles for scalable, highly available systems.

Backend ArchitectureMicroservicesScalability
0 likes · 18 min read
Evolution of Server‑Side Architecture from Single Machine to Cloud‑Native Scale
IT Architects Alliance
IT Architects Alliance
Jan 10, 2021 · Backend Development

How to Split Complex Systems and Evolve Architecture for Scalability

The article explains why growing business complexity and throughput demands force system decomposition and architectural upgrades, detailing horizontal scaling, vertical and business splitting, database sharding, caching strategies, and the evolution from monolithic to micro‑service structures.

MicroservicesPerformance OptimizationSystem Architecture
0 likes · 8 min read
How to Split Complex Systems and Evolve Architecture for Scalability
Architects' Tech Alliance
Architects' Tech Alliance
Jan 4, 2021 · Backend Development

System Splitting and Architectural Evolution: Strategies for Scaling, Decoupling, and Performance Optimization

The article explains how increasing business complexity and throughput demands drive system splitting, architectural evolution, and the adoption of scaling, sharding, caching, and asynchronous messaging techniques to improve capacity, robustness, and maintainability of large‑scale backend services.

Microservicesarchitecture evolutionasynchronous processing
0 likes · 7 min read
System Splitting and Architectural Evolution: Strategies for Scaling, Decoupling, and Performance Optimization
Java Architect Essentials
Java Architect Essentials
Jan 3, 2021 · Databases

Understanding Ant Financial’s LDC Architecture: Partitioning, CAP Analysis, and Multi‑Active Disaster Recovery

This article explains how Ant Financial’s logical data center (LDC) architecture uses unitization, database sharding, and CAP‑aware design—including RZone, GZone, and CZone—to achieve tens of millions of TPS during Double‑11, while providing multi‑active disaster recovery and high availability.

CAP theoremDistributed SystemsLDC architecture
0 likes · 38 min read
Understanding Ant Financial’s LDC Architecture: Partitioning, CAP Analysis, and Multi‑Active Disaster Recovery
Code Ape Tech Column
Code Ape Tech Column
Dec 19, 2020 · Databases

How to Tackle Database Bottlenecks with Sharding, Horizontal & Vertical Partitioning

This article analyzes common database performance bottlenecks, explains when to apply IO‑ or CPU‑focused optimizations, and provides a detailed guide to horizontal and vertical sharding, partitioning strategies, tooling choices, implementation steps, and practical pitfalls for scalable systems.

Distributed SystemsPerformance OptimizationScalability
0 likes · 10 min read
How to Tackle Database Bottlenecks with Sharding, Horizontal & Vertical Partitioning
Top Architect
Top Architect
Dec 6, 2020 · Backend Development

Practical Guide to Application and Database Splitting for Large‑Scale Systems

This article explains why monolithic systems need to be split, how to assess business complexity, define service boundaries, perform vertical and horizontal database sharding, adopt global ID generators, migrate data safely, and ensure consistency and stability during cut‑over using stop‑write or dual‑write strategies.

Backend ArchitectureMicroservicesapplication splitting
0 likes · 16 min read
Practical Guide to Application and Database Splitting for Large‑Scale Systems
Full-Stack Internet Architecture
Full-Stack Internet Architecture
Nov 13, 2020 · Databases

Sharding-JDBC: Basic Usage and Core Principles

This article introduces Sharding-JDBC, explaining its basic usage, core concepts, sharding strategies, SQL processing workflow, configuration examples, and code snippets, while emphasizing the importance of understanding its underlying principles for effective database horizontal partitioning in Java applications.

JavaSQL RoutingSharding-JDBC
0 likes · 70 min read
Sharding-JDBC: Basic Usage and Core Principles
Top Architect
Top Architect
Nov 8, 2020 · Backend Development

Flash Sale (Seckill) System Architecture, Technical Challenges and Solutions

This article analyzes the business flow of flash‑sale (seckill) systems, identifies ten technical challenges such as high concurrency, bandwidth, stock‑deduction and cheating, and presents architecture principles, design patterns, code examples, and safety mechanisms to build a reliable, scalable backend for flash‑sale scenarios.

Backend DevelopmentSystem Architecturecaching
0 likes · 34 min read
Flash Sale (Seckill) System Architecture, Technical Challenges and Solutions
Open Source Linux
Open Source Linux
Nov 3, 2020 · Backend Development

From Monolith to Microservices: Tracing the Evolution of Distributed Architecture

This article walks through the step‑by‑step evolution of a Java‑based e‑commerce system—from a single‑server monolith to a fully distributed architecture with load balancing, read/write separation, caching, sharding, and service decomposition—highlighting the motivations, challenges, and key design decisions at each stage.

cachingdatabase shardingdistributed architecture
0 likes · 9 min read
From Monolith to Microservices: Tracing the Evolution of Distributed Architecture
dbaplus Community
dbaplus Community
Oct 20, 2020 · Databases

15 Critical MySQL vs Oracle Migration Questions Every Bank Should Know

This article compiles the most frequently asked MySQL‑related questions from developers and operations teams in banks, covering why MySQL is chosen over Oracle, compatibility gaps, migration methods, sharding strategies, performance tuning, consistency guarantees, and resource planning.

Database ArchitectureOracle migrationdatabase sharding
0 likes · 17 min read
15 Critical MySQL vs Oracle Migration Questions Every Bank Should Know
MaGe Linux Operations
MaGe Linux Operations
Oct 14, 2020 · Backend Development

From Monolith to Microservices: Tracing the Evolution of Distributed Web Architecture

This article walks through the step‑by‑step evolution of a Java‑Web e‑commerce system—from a single‑server monolith to clustered services, read‑write separation, search integration, caching, sharding, and finally service decomposition—highlighting the architectural decisions and challenges at each stage.

database shardingdistributed architectureload balancing
0 likes · 10 min read
From Monolith to Microservices: Tracing the Evolution of Distributed Web Architecture
IT Architects Alliance
IT Architects Alliance
Oct 12, 2020 · Backend Development

Scaling a Growing Website: 8 Architecture Evolution Steps from Physical Separation to Distributed Caching

This article walks through eight progressive architecture upgrades—starting with physically separating the web server and database, adding page and fragment caches, scaling web servers, sharding databases, and finally adopting distributed caching—to illustrate how a high‑traffic site can maintain performance and reliability.

architecture evolutioncachingdatabase sharding
0 likes · 11 min read
Scaling a Growing Website: 8 Architecture Evolution Steps from Physical Separation to Distributed Caching
Java Architect Essentials
Java Architect Essentials
Oct 12, 2020 · Databases

Sharding-JDBC Demo with Spring Boot: Database and Table Sharding Guide

This article provides a step‑by‑step tutorial on using Sharding-JDBC with Spring Boot to implement horizontal database and table sharding across multiple MySQL instances, including project setup, Maven dependencies, entity and controller code, sharding configuration, and testing via Postman.

Sharding-JDBCSpring Bootdatabase sharding
0 likes · 12 min read
Sharding-JDBC Demo with Spring Boot: Database and Table Sharding Guide
Alibaba Cloud Developer
Alibaba Cloud Developer
Sep 23, 2020 · Databases

How TDDL Revolutionized Database Scaling at Alibaba: Lessons from 2007

This article recounts the 2007 challenges faced by Taobao's monolithic MySQL setup and explains how the TDDL middleware introduced SQL optimization, sharding, read‑write separation, caching, and dynamic scaling to transform the system into a distributed, high‑performance database solution.

Read-Write SeparationSQL OptimizationTDDL
0 likes · 16 min read
How TDDL Revolutionized Database Scaling at Alibaba: Lessons from 2007
Programmer DD
Programmer DD
Aug 23, 2020 · Databases

How to Overcome Database Bottlenecks with Sharding: Strategies and Tools

This article explains common I/O and CPU bottlenecks in databases, compares horizontal and vertical sharding techniques, outlines practical partitioning strategies, introduces popular sharding tools, and provides step‑by‑step guidance for implementing and scaling sharded architectures.

Performance OptimizationVertical Partitioningdatabase sharding
0 likes · 10 min read
How to Overcome Database Bottlenecks with Sharding: Strategies and Tools
Top Architect
Top Architect
Jun 30, 2020 · Databases

Sharding-JDBC Demo: Implementing Database Sharding with Spring Boot

This article demonstrates how to set up Sharding-JDBC in a Spring Boot project, covering project structure, Maven configuration, entity, controller, service, mapper code, database DDL for multiple shards, sharding rules in application.properties, and API testing with Postman.

JavaORMSharding-JDBC
0 likes · 14 min read
Sharding-JDBC Demo: Implementing Database Sharding with Spring Boot
ITPUB
ITPUB
Jun 1, 2020 · Databases

How Ant Financial Scales Payments: Data Patterns and Disaster‑Recovery Strategies

This article examines how Ant Financial redesigned its payment system’s data layer after retiring mainframes, detailing RTO/RPO goals, CAP trade‑offs, vertical and horizontal sharding, blacklist‑based accounting DR, failover mechanisms for transactions, and the role of OceanBase in achieving strong consistency and low‑latency recovery.

data modelingdatabase shardingdisaster recovery
0 likes · 17 min read
How Ant Financial Scales Payments: Data Patterns and Disaster‑Recovery Strategies
Laravel Tech Community
Laravel Tech Community
May 23, 2020 · Databases

Database Sharding: Principles, Methods, and Tools

The article explains why and when to apply database sharding, describes horizontal and vertical partitioning methods, lists common sharding tools, and discusses challenges such as distributed transactions, join avoidance, pagination, and global primary key generation.

Distributed Transactionsdatabase shardingglobal primary key
0 likes · 14 min read
Database Sharding: Principles, Methods, and Tools
Architecture Digest
Architecture Digest
Apr 22, 2020 · Databases

Implementing Database Sharding with ShardingSphere‑JDBC in Spring Boot

This article explains how to use ShardingSphere‑JDBC to achieve horizontal database sharding and read/write splitting in a Spring Boot application, covering ShardingSphere concepts, configuration, entity and DAO code, custom sharding algorithm, and practical testing with multiple MySQL instances.

JDBCReadWrite SplittingShardingSphere
0 likes · 23 min read
Implementing Database Sharding with ShardingSphere‑JDBC in Spring Boot
Full-Stack Internet Architecture
Full-Stack Internet Architecture
Apr 21, 2020 · Backend Development

Evolution of Ele.me's Order System: Architecture, Scaling, and Lessons Learned

This article recounts the four‑year journey of Ele.me's order platform, detailing the transition from a monolithic Zeus system to service‑oriented components, the challenges of sharding, message broadcasting, performance testing, Redis optimization, and the cultural practices that shaped a resilient backend architecture.

Backend ArchitectureMessagingMicroservices
0 likes · 48 min read
Evolution of Ele.me's Order System: Architecture, Scaling, and Lessons Learned
ITPUB
ITPUB
Apr 13, 2020 · Databases

How Ant Financial Scales to Hundreds of Thousands TPS with LDC, Unitization, and CAP Mastery

This article explains how Ant Financial’s LDC (Logical Data Center) architecture, unitized RZone/GZone/CZone design, OceanBase database, and CAP-aware strategies enable the payment platform to handle double‑11 traffic peaks of over 540,000 transactions per second while ensuring high availability, disaster recovery, and eventual consistency.

CAP theoremHigh TPSLDC
0 likes · 37 min read
How Ant Financial Scales to Hundreds of Thousands TPS with LDC, Unitization, and CAP Mastery
Top Architect
Top Architect
Apr 2, 2020 · Backend Development

Evolution of a Java Web E‑commerce System: From Single‑Server to Scalable Architecture

This article walks through the step‑by‑step evolution of a Java‑based e‑commerce platform, illustrating how a single‑machine deployment can be transformed into a scalable architecture using techniques such as server‑database separation, clustering, load‑balancing algorithms, read‑write splitting, caching, sharding, micro‑services and message queues.

Backend ArchitectureJavaMicroservices
0 likes · 17 min read
Evolution of a Java Web E‑commerce System: From Single‑Server to Scalable Architecture
Java Backend Technology
Java Backend Technology
Mar 31, 2020 · Databases

Mastering Database Bottlenecks: When and How to Shard Effectively

This article explains common database performance bottlenecks such as IO and CPU limits, introduces horizontal and vertical sharding concepts, compares sharding tools, outlines practical implementation steps, discusses common pitfalls, and provides scaling strategies to keep your data layer responsive under heavy load.

Performance OptimizationVertical Partitioningdatabase sharding
0 likes · 11 min read
Mastering Database Bottlenecks: When and How to Shard Effectively
Top Architect
Top Architect
Mar 26, 2020 · Backend Development

The Evolution of Taobao’s Technology Architecture: From Monolith to Distributed Systems

This article examines Taobao’s pivotal architectural transformation from a monolithic codebase to a large‑scale distributed system, detailing the challenges of personnel, business complexity, Oracle bottlenecks, and hardware limits, and describing the comprehensive solutions involving code and interface vertical splitting, custom middleware, database sharding, and new infrastructure.

MicroservicesScalabilityTaobao
0 likes · 9 min read
The Evolution of Taobao’s Technology Architecture: From Monolith to Distributed Systems
21CTO
21CTO
Mar 16, 2020 · Backend Development

How Ant Financial Scales Payments with Distributed Architecture and OceanBase

The article summarizes Xu Wenqi's 2019 Alibaba Cloud Summit talk on Ant Financial's distributed architecture, covering the shift from monolithic to microservices, modular development, load‑balancing, database sharding, the distributed TA system, task scheduling, gray‑release, full‑link stress testing, and OceanBase high‑availability solutions.

Backend ArchitectureDistributed SystemsMicroservices
0 likes · 9 min read
How Ant Financial Scales Payments with Distributed Architecture and OceanBase
Architecture Digest
Architecture Digest
Feb 20, 2020 · Backend Development

Redesigning ERP Systems with Distributed Micro‑services Architecture

The article describes how a traditional monolithic ERP system can be transformed into a scalable, high‑performance solution by splitting functional modules into independent micro‑services, using separate databases, adopting distributed transaction patterns, and optionally adding a dedicated reporting subsystem.

ERPPerformance Optimizationdatabase sharding
0 likes · 14 min read
Redesigning ERP Systems with Distributed Micro‑services Architecture
Senior Brother's Insights
Senior Brother's Insights
Jan 14, 2020 · Databases

Mastering Database Sharding: When, Why, and How to Split Your Data

This comprehensive guide explains the motivations, methods, and trade‑offs of database sharding—including vertical and horizontal partitioning, sharding rules, handling cross‑node joins, distributed transactions, global primary key generation, and practical migration strategies—so you can scale relational databases effectively.

Distributed TransactionsGlobal ID Generationdatabase sharding
0 likes · 24 min read
Mastering Database Sharding: When, Why, and How to Split Your Data
Suning Technology
Suning Technology
Dec 25, 2019 · Backend Development

How Suning’s Bargain Group Platform Achieves High Availability and Scalability

This article examines Suning's bargain‑group platform transformation, detailing its strategic shift to a platform model, high‑availability architecture, vertical and horizontal decomposition, data sharding, cache design, dual‑data‑center deployment, and link optimizations for handling massive concurrent traffic.

Scalabilitybargain-groupdatabase sharding
0 likes · 19 min read
How Suning’s Bargain Group Platform Achieves High Availability and Scalability
21CTO
21CTO
Dec 17, 2019 · Backend Development

From Single-Server to Scalable E‑Commerce: A Step‑by‑Step Backend Evolution Guide

This article walks through the progressive transformation of a simple Java‑Web e‑commerce prototype—from a single‑machine setup to multi‑server clusters, load‑balancing, database read/write splitting, caching, sharding, service‑oriented architecture, and message middleware—illustrating practical solutions to scalability, reliability, and performance challenges.

BackendScalabilityarchitecture
0 likes · 17 min read
From Single-Server to Scalable E‑Commerce: A Step‑by‑Step Backend Evolution Guide
Selected Java Interview Questions
Selected Java Interview Questions
Dec 12, 2019 · Databases

Why Split Databases? An Introduction to Vertical and Horizontal Sharding

This article explains the reasons for splitting databases, describes vertical and horizontal sharding techniques, compares their benefits and drawbacks, and advises performing horizontal sharding before vertical partitioning to improve scalability and performance in large‑scale applications.

Vertical Partitioningdatabase shardinghorizontal partitioning
0 likes · 9 min read
Why Split Databases? An Introduction to Vertical and Horizontal Sharding
Programmer DD
Programmer DD
Dec 12, 2019 · Databases

Mastering Data Sharding: When and How to Split Your Database for Scale

This article explains the concepts, benefits, and challenges of database sharding—including vertical and horizontal partitioning, common splitting strategies, handling distributed transactions, cross‑node joins, pagination, global primary keys, and migration—while offering practical guidelines on when to adopt sharding and which tools can assist.

Distributed TransactionsVertical Partitioningdatabase sharding
0 likes · 26 min read
Mastering Data Sharding: When and How to Split Your Database for Scale
dbaplus Community
dbaplus Community
Dec 10, 2019 · Databases

Unveiling Sharding-Proxy: Transparent Database Sharding in Apache ShardingSphere

This talk walks through Sharding-Proxy’s role within Apache ShardingSphere, detailing its architecture, SQL lifecycle from protocol decoding to routing, rewriting, execution, and result merging, while highlighting core principles, performance bottlenecks, and practical optimization techniques for high‑throughput, low‑latency database proxying.

Distributed TracingNettySQL Routing
0 likes · 17 min read
Unveiling Sharding-Proxy: Transparent Database Sharding in Apache ShardingSphere
Java Captain
Java Captain
Nov 24, 2019 · Backend Development

Evolution of Taobao's Backend Architecture from Single‑Server to Cloud‑Native Microservices

The article outlines Taobao's backend architecture evolution—from a single Tomcat‑MySQL server through caching, load‑balancing, database sharding, MPP, DNS‑based multi‑datacenter routing, NoSQL/search integration, microservices, ESB, containerization, and finally cloud‑native deployment—while summarizing the associated technologies and design principles.

Backend ArchitectureScalabilitycloud computing
0 likes · 18 min read
Evolution of Taobao's Backend Architecture from Single‑Server to Cloud‑Native Microservices
21CTO
21CTO
Oct 21, 2019 · Backend Development

How Ant Financial Scales Transactions with Distributed Architecture and Microservices

This article summarizes the key concepts, advantages, and practical implementations of distributed architecture at Ant Financial, covering microservice migration, modular development, database vertical and horizontal sharding, high‑availability mechanisms, gray‑release, and fault‑tolerant settlement workflows.

Microservicesdatabase shardingdistributed architecture
0 likes · 8 min read
How Ant Financial Scales Transactions with Distributed Architecture and Microservices
Java Backend Technology
Java Backend Technology
Oct 3, 2019 · Databases

How to Tackle Database Bottlenecks with Sharding and Partitioning

This article examines common database performance bottlenecks such as I/O and CPU limits, explains when to apply horizontal or vertical sharding, partitioning, and scaling techniques, compares tools like ShardingSphere, TDDL, and Mycat, and provides practical steps for implementation, migration, and troubleshooting.

Performance OptimizationVertical Partitioningdatabase sharding
0 likes · 9 min read
How to Tackle Database Bottlenecks with Sharding and Partitioning
21CTO
21CTO
Oct 1, 2019 · Backend Development

How Ant Financial Scales Payments with Distributed Microservices and Database Sharding

This article explains Ant Financial's practical implementation of a distributed architecture—including micro‑service migration, modular development, database vertical and horizontal sharding, high‑availability mechanisms, task‑scheduling platforms, gray‑release strategies, and full‑link stress testing—to achieve reliable, scalable payment processing.

Cloud NativeMicroservicesdatabase sharding
0 likes · 8 min read
How Ant Financial Scales Payments with Distributed Microservices and Database Sharding
Architecture Digest
Architecture Digest
Sep 4, 2019 · Backend Development

Evolution of Large‑Scale Website Architecture: From Single‑Machine Deployment to Service‑Oriented Systems

This article outlines how large‑scale web applications evolve from simple single‑server deployments through static‑dynamic separation, clustering, database read/write splitting, sharding, service‑oriented architecture, and message queues, emphasizing the trade‑offs and best practices for each architectural stage.

Backend ArchitectureScalabilitydatabase sharding
0 likes · 13 min read
Evolution of Large‑Scale Website Architecture: From Single‑Machine Deployment to Service‑Oriented Systems
21CTO
21CTO
Aug 31, 2019 · Backend Development

From 100 to 10 Million Users: How Taobao Scaled Its Backend Architecture

This article uses Taobao as a case study to trace the evolution of its server‑side architecture from a single‑machine setup to a cloud‑native, micro‑service ecosystem capable of handling tens of millions of concurrent users, highlighting key concepts, technologies, and design principles at each stage.

Microservicesbackend scalingcloud architecture
0 likes · 24 min read
From 100 to 10 Million Users: How Taobao Scaled Its Backend Architecture
Programmer DD
Programmer DD
Jul 30, 2019 · Databases

Mastering Database Sharding: When and How to Split Tables and Schemas

This article reviews the complete process of database and table sharding, covering when to shard, range and hash strategies, combining both, data migration challenges, business compatibility, and long‑term archiving to keep MySQL workloads manageable.

Data MigrationHash ShardingRange Sharding
0 likes · 11 min read
Mastering Database Sharding: When and How to Split Tables and Schemas
Aikesheng Open Source Community
Aikesheng Open Source Community
Jul 4, 2019 · Databases

Interview with Yan Huqing on Quickly Getting Started with Distributed Middleware Dble

The article presents a detailed interview with Yan Huqing, the lead of the open‑source DBLE project, covering his background, the upcoming Shanghai 3306π meetup agenda, and practical advice on using Dble for sharding, read‑write splitting, and advanced monitoring in distributed database environments.

DBMSdatabase shardingread/write splitting
0 likes · 6 min read
Interview with Yan Huqing on Quickly Getting Started with Distributed Middleware Dble
Architecture Digest
Architecture Digest
Jun 3, 2019 · Backend Development

Evolution of Server Architecture for High Concurrency: From Single‑Machine to Cloud‑Native Solutions

This article uses Taobao as a case study to trace the step‑by‑step evolution of server‑side architecture from a single‑machine deployment to distributed clusters, caching, load‑balancing, database sharding, micro‑services, containerization and finally cloud platforms, summarizing the key technologies and design principles at each stage.

Scalabilityarchitecturecloud computing
0 likes · 25 min read
Evolution of Server Architecture for High Concurrency: From Single‑Machine to Cloud‑Native Solutions
Java Captain
Java Captain
May 19, 2019 · Backend Development

Flash Sale (Seckill) System Design and Technical Challenges

This article analyzes the business flow of flash‑sale (seckill) activities, identifies the high‑concurrency technical challenges, and presents a comprehensive backend architecture—including frontend static page handling, request throttling, service‑layer queuing, database sharding, caching, optimistic locking, and anti‑cheating measures—to ensure reliability, scalability, and data consistency.

Backend Architecturedatabase shardingflash sale
0 likes · 33 min read
Flash Sale (Seckill) System Design and Technical Challenges
Architecture Digest
Architecture Digest
Apr 2, 2019 · Databases

Designing Scalable Database Architecture for High‑Concurrency Systems

This article explains how to design a database architecture that can handle millions of daily active users and tens of thousands of concurrent requests by using multi‑server sharding, extensive table partitioning, read‑write separation, and distributed unique‑ID generation techniques such as Snowflake.

Read-Write SeparationSnowflake IDdatabase sharding
0 likes · 20 min read
Designing Scalable Database Architecture for High‑Concurrency Systems
MaGe Linux Operations
MaGe Linux Operations
Mar 27, 2019 · Backend Development

Why QQGame’s Room‑Join Failures Reveal Hidden Challenges in Scalable Backend Design

The article analyzes QQGame’s room‑entry failures caused by massive concurrent users, explores the limits of client‑side data synchronization, and proposes a scalable backend architecture using region‑based partitioning, autonomous server processing, and distributed database sharding to achieve high availability and data consistency.

Data ConsistencyScalable Backenddatabase sharding
0 likes · 14 min read
Why QQGame’s Room‑Join Failures Reveal Hidden Challenges in Scalable Backend Design
JD Tech Talk
JD Tech Talk
Mar 27, 2019 · Backend Development

Design and Key Considerations of JD Digits' Accounting Settlement System

This article explains the responsibilities, architectural design, critical construction points, functional modules, hotspot account handling, database sharding strategies, and diverse settlement rule implementations of JD Digits' accounting and settlement system, which is the core financial control component of the payment platform.

Backendaccountingdatabase sharding
0 likes · 10 min read
Design and Key Considerations of JD Digits' Accounting Settlement System
Java High-Performance Architecture
Java High-Performance Architecture
Feb 24, 2019 · Databases

When and How to Split Databases: Strategies, Benefits, and Pitfalls

This article explains why and when to shard databases, compares sharding methods such as key‑based, range‑based, and dictionary approaches, and outlines the performance gains, availability improvements, and new challenges like increased complexity, ID handling, cross‑shard queries, and distributed transactions.

Data Partitioningdatabase shardingperformance
0 likes · 5 min read
When and How to Split Databases: Strategies, Benefits, and Pitfalls
Tencent Cloud Developer
Tencent Cloud Developer
Feb 20, 2019 · Databases

Understanding Database Sharding: Concepts, Benefits, Drawbacks, and Strategies

Database sharding, a horizontal partitioning technique that splits a table’s rows across multiple nodes, enables scalable performance and fault isolation for high‑traffic applications, but introduces complexity, potential data imbalance, and recovery challenges, so it should be adopted only after simpler optimizations are exhausted.

Data PartitioningScalabilitydatabase sharding
0 likes · 15 min read
Understanding Database Sharding: Concepts, Benefits, Drawbacks, and Strategies
Programmer DD
Programmer DD
Feb 13, 2019 · Databases

Why Cross‑Shard Queries Slow Down: Sharding‑Sphere Performance Test Insights

This article presents a practical performance test of Sharding‑Sphere using MySQL, showing how cross‑shard queries incur significant latency due to parallel routing and result merging, and discusses the underlying thread‑pool execution model and its impact on OLTP versus OLAP workloads.

cross-shard querydatabase shardingmysql
0 likes · 9 min read
Why Cross‑Shard Queries Slow Down: Sharding‑Sphere Performance Test Insights
Programmer DD
Programmer DD
Jan 13, 2019 · Backend Development

From Copy‑Paste to Scalable Lottery Platforms: A Backend Engineer’s Guide

This article explains how to move beyond naive copy‑paste development of lottery back‑ends by abstracting business logic into a reusable platform, covering database sharding, micro‑service architecture, common and custom modules, performance, deployment, and security considerations for a robust, SaaS‑like solution.

Backend Architecturedatabase shardingplatform design
0 likes · 18 min read
From Copy‑Paste to Scalable Lottery Platforms: A Backend Engineer’s Guide
Architect's Tech Stack
Architect's Tech Stack
Dec 7, 2018 · Backend Development

System Decomposition and Architectural Evolution: Strategies for Scaling E‑commerce Platforms

The article outlines how increasing business complexity and throughput demands drive the need for system splitting, architectural upgrades, and micro‑service adoption, detailing horizontal scaling, vertical and business partitioning, database sharding, and the evolution toward resilient, high‑performance backend infrastructures.

ScalabilitySystem Architecturedatabase sharding
0 likes · 9 min read
System Decomposition and Architectural Evolution: Strategies for Scaling E‑commerce Platforms
Architect's Tech Stack
Architect's Tech Stack
Oct 15, 2018 · Backend Development

Evolution Stages of Internet Distributed Architecture: From Single‑Server to Service‑Oriented Design

This article outlines the progressive evolution of large‑scale web architectures—from monolithic mainframe‑style deployments to separated application and database servers, clustering, load balancing, read/write splitting, search integration, caching, sharding, and finally micro‑service decomposition—illustrated with a simple Java‑based e‑commerce example.

Scalabilitydatabase shardingdistributed architecture
0 likes · 11 min read
Evolution Stages of Internet Distributed Architecture: From Single‑Server to Service‑Oriented Design
Architects' Tech Alliance
Architects' Tech Alliance
Aug 14, 2018 · Backend Development

System Splitting and Architectural Evolution: Strategies for Scaling and Decoupling

To address growing business complexity and throughput demands, this article outlines systematic approaches to decompose monolithic systems—covering horizontal and vertical scaling, application and database sharding, service governance, caching, and the evolution toward microservices—highlighting practical techniques and real-world experiences.

architecturedatabase shardingscaling
0 likes · 9 min read
System Splitting and Architectural Evolution: Strategies for Scaling and Decoupling
dbaplus Community
dbaplus Community
Aug 4, 2018 · Databases

Mastering Database Sharding: Strategies, Pitfalls, and Practical Tips

This article reviews the background, side effects, sharding strategies, and key considerations of database partitioning, illustrating challenges such as merge‑sort pagination, deep‑paging performance, hash‑based routing, and integration issues with Sharding‑JDBC, while offering practical solutions and best‑practice recommendations.

Deep PagingHash RoutingMerge Sort Pagination
0 likes · 15 min read
Mastering Database Sharding: Strategies, Pitfalls, and Practical Tips
21CTO
21CTO
Jul 29, 2018 · Backend Development

How to Split and Evolve Complex Systems: From Horizontal Scaling to Microservices

This article explains why growing business complexity and throughput demand system decoupling, outlines horizontal scaling, vertical and business splitting, database sharding techniques, and shows how architectural evolution leads to micro‑service‑based, resilient infrastructures.

Microservicesarchitecture evolutiondatabase sharding
0 likes · 9 min read
How to Split and Evolve Complex Systems: From Horizontal Scaling to Microservices
Architecture Digest
Architecture Digest
Jul 28, 2018 · Backend Development

System Splitting and Architectural Evolution: Strategies for Scaling and Decoupling

The article explains how increasing business complexity and throughput require system splitting, decoupling, and architectural evolution—covering horizontal and vertical scaling, database sharding, caching, and micro‑service patterns—to improve capacity, robustness, and performance of large‑scale applications.

database shardinghorizontal scalingsystem splitting
0 likes · 10 min read
System Splitting and Architectural Evolution: Strategies for Scaling and Decoupling
Ctrip Technology
Ctrip Technology
Jul 10, 2018 · Databases

Designing Real‑Time Sharding Index and Replication with Elasticsearch for High‑Performance Order Queries

This article describes how Ctrip's hotel R&D team tackled growing order‑volume challenges by sharding the database, building a real‑time Elasticsearch index, implementing a custom replication pipeline, and applying various write‑ and read‑optimizations to achieve low latency and stable performance.

ElasticsearchPerformance OptimizationReplication
0 likes · 10 min read
Designing Real‑Time Sharding Index and Replication with Elasticsearch for High‑Performance Order Queries
Architecture Digest
Architecture Digest
Jun 17, 2018 · Backend Development

From Moore's Law to Distributed Architecture: Load Balancing, Session Management, and Database Sharding

The article explains how the slowdown of Moore's Law drives the shift from monolithic applications to distributed systems, covering load balancing, session handling strategies, read‑write separation, and database sharding to achieve scalable, high‑availability backend architectures.

Backend ArchitectureDistributed SystemsSession Management
0 likes · 8 min read
From Moore's Law to Distributed Architecture: Load Balancing, Session Management, and Database Sharding
21CTO
21CTO
May 23, 2018 · Backend Development

How to Evolve a Monolithic System into a Distributed, Service‑Oriented Architecture

This article explains why growing business complexity and throughput demands force a system to be split and refactored, describing horizontal scaling, vertical and business splitting, database sharding, and the resulting architectural evolution toward micro‑services.

MicroservicesSystem Architecturedatabase sharding
0 likes · 9 min read
How to Evolve a Monolithic System into a Distributed, Service‑Oriented Architecture
Architecture Digest
Architecture Digest
May 23, 2018 · Backend Development

System Splitting and Architectural Evolution: From Monolith to Distributed Services

The article reviews how increasing business complexity and throughput demands drive the need to split applications and databases, adopt horizontal and vertical scaling, implement business and service-level partitioning, and evolve system architecture toward micro‑services, caching, and asynchronous processing.

Microservicesarchitecture evolutiondatabase sharding
0 likes · 9 min read
System Splitting and Architectural Evolution: From Monolith to Distributed Services
Architecture Digest
Architecture Digest
May 11, 2018 · Backend Development

Scalable .NET Application Architecture: From Single Server to Distributed Cluster

This article outlines how a .NET‑based system evolves from a single‑server deployment to a multi‑layered, load‑balanced, clustered architecture with database sharding, distributed file storage, caching, micro‑service communication, and cloud services to handle high traffic and massive data volumes.

Cloud ServicesScalabilitySystem Architecture
0 likes · 10 min read
Scalable .NET Application Architecture: From Single Server to Distributed Cluster
Programmer DD
Programmer DD
May 10, 2018 · Databases

How to Scale MySQL with ShardingJdbc: Vertical vs Horizontal Partitioning

This article examines why large‑scale MySQL deployments encounter CPU, I/O and memory bottlenecks, compares vertical and horizontal data‑sharding strategies, evaluates open‑source middleware ShardingJdbc versus MyCat, and provides a detailed Spring Boot integration design with routing rules and practical use‑case examples.

ShardingJDBCSpring BootVertical Partitioning
0 likes · 16 min read
How to Scale MySQL with ShardingJdbc: Vertical vs Horizontal Partitioning
Mike Chen's Internet Architecture
Mike Chen's Internet Architecture
May 3, 2018 · Backend Development

Fundamentals and Evolution of Large-Scale Website Architecture Design

This article explains the essence of software architecture as a process of reducing system entropy through splitting and merging, outlines the capabilities required of architects, and details the step‑by‑step evolution of large‑scale website infrastructures including caching, CDN, database sharding, and messaging systems.

Distributed SystemsScalabilitydatabase sharding
0 likes · 10 min read
Fundamentals and Evolution of Large-Scale Website Architecture Design
Architecture Digest
Architecture Digest
Mar 27, 2018 · Backend Development

Data Architecture Design in Microservice Development

This article explains the multi‑layer data architecture design for microservice systems, covering concepts such as data usability, primary and secondary data decoupling, sharding, multi‑source data adaptation and caching, and introduces data marts to improve scalability and maintainability.

Data ArchitectureData CachingData Mart
0 likes · 10 min read
Data Architecture Design in Microservice Development
21CTO
21CTO
Mar 23, 2018 · Backend Development

From Single Server to Billion-User Scale: A Java Backend Architecture Evolution Guide

This article walks through the step‑by‑step evolution of a Java website—from a single‑machine setup to a multi‑tier, load‑balanced, sharded, cached, and service‑oriented architecture capable of handling billions of requests—detailing the challenges and solutions at each stage.

Backend ArchitectureJavaMicroservices
0 likes · 18 min read
From Single Server to Billion-User Scale: A Java Backend Architecture Evolution Guide
Architecture Digest
Architecture Digest
Mar 23, 2018 · Backend Development

Evolution Stages of a Large‑Scale Web Application Architecture

The article outlines a step‑by‑step evolution of a web application from a single‑machine deployment to a fully distributed architecture, covering server separation, clustering, load‑balancing algorithms, session handling, read‑write splitting, search engine integration, caching, database sharding, service‑oriented decomposition, and message‑queue middleware.

Scalabilitycachingdatabase sharding
0 likes · 18 min read
Evolution Stages of a Large‑Scale Web Application Architecture
ITFLY8 Architecture Home
ITFLY8 Architecture Home
Jan 31, 2018 · Backend Development

How Alibaba Scaled Its E‑Commerce Platform: From LAMP to Distributed Architecture

This article traces Alibaba's e‑commerce technical evolution—from early LAMP‑based monoliths through Java‑centric 2.0 systems to a massive multi‑IDC, service‑oriented distributed architecture with HSF, Pandora, and advanced database sharding solutions—highlighting the challenges and innovations that enabled its massive scalability.

AlibabaBackend Architecturedatabase sharding
0 likes · 7 min read
How Alibaba Scaled Its E‑Commerce Platform: From LAMP to Distributed Architecture
Architecture Digest
Architecture Digest
Dec 31, 2017 · Backend Development

Fundamentals and Evolution of Large-Scale Website Architecture

This article summarizes the origins, core principles, typical evolution stages, and common toolkits of large website architecture, highlighting how network growth, performance demands, and scalability challenges drive the adoption of caching, load balancing, database sharding, CDNs, and distributed services.

CDNMicroservicesScalability
0 likes · 11 min read
Fundamentals and Evolution of Large-Scale Website Architecture
dbaplus Community
dbaplus Community
Dec 11, 2017 · Backend Development

How 58 Express Scaled from Startup to Industry Leader: Architecture, Sharding, and AI Dispatch

This article recounts the technical evolution of 58 Express from its early startup days through rapid growth to an intelligent dispatch era, detailing challenges, database sharding, service decomposition, big‑data analytics, AI‑driven order routing, monitoring, and lessons learned for building a high‑performance backend system.

System Architecturedatabase shardingintelligent dispatch
0 likes · 21 min read
How 58 Express Scaled from Startup to Industry Leader: Architecture, Sharding, and AI Dispatch
ITFLY8 Architecture Home
ITFLY8 Architecture Home
Jul 24, 2017 · Databases

Mastering Database Sharding: Boost Performance with Horizontal Partitioning

This article explains the fundamentals of database sharding, including horizontal partitioning, routing, load balancing, clustering, and read/write separation, and discusses practical strategies such as range, hash, and mapping partitions to improve scalability, availability, and performance for high‑traffic web applications.

Scalabilitydatabase shardinghorizontal partitioning
0 likes · 17 min read
Mastering Database Sharding: Boost Performance with Horizontal Partitioning
Qunar Tech Salon
Qunar Tech Salon
Apr 20, 2017 · Backend Development

Evolution of Large‑Scale E‑commerce Backend Architecture: From Single Server to Distributed Systems

This article outlines how a massive e‑commerce platform like Taobao evolves its backend architecture step by step—from an all‑in‑one server through service separation, caching, load balancing, session management, database sharding, CDN acceleration, and finally distributed search—highlighting the motivations, trade‑offs, and key design considerations at each stage.

Backend Architecturecachingdatabase sharding
0 likes · 11 min read
Evolution of Large‑Scale E‑commerce Backend Architecture: From Single Server to Distributed Systems
Architecture Digest
Architecture Digest
Mar 12, 2017 · Backend Development

Design and Technical Challenges of High‑Concurrency Flash Sale (Seckill) Systems

This article analyzes the business model of flash‑sale (seckill) operations, enumerates the technical challenges such as impact on existing services, high‑concurrency load, bandwidth, order‑URL security, and proposes architectural principles, layered designs, queue choices, database sharding, scaling, overload protection, anti‑cheat measures, and data‑safety techniques to build a robust backend system.

BackendQueueSystem Architecture
0 likes · 31 min read
Design and Technical Challenges of High‑Concurrency Flash Sale (Seckill) Systems
21CTO
21CTO
Feb 26, 2017 · Backend Development

Inside Youku’s Massive Architecture: Front‑End, Database & Caching Secrets

This article examines Youku’s large‑scale system architecture, detailing its server fleet, LAMP‑based front‑end framework, evolving MySQL database designs from master‑slave replication to vertical partitioning and sharding, and its caching strategies and CDN deployment that together support over 1 billion daily users.

Video ArchitectureYoukudatabase sharding
0 likes · 7 min read
Inside Youku’s Massive Architecture: Front‑End, Database & Caching Secrets
Meituan Technology Team
Meituan Technology Team
Dec 27, 2016 · Backend Development

Meituan Group Order System: Optimization, Sharding, and Service‑Oriented Refactoring

Meituan’s group‑buy order system was refactored from a monolithic, single‑point‑failure design into a sharded, micro‑service architecture with connection‑pool middleware, dual‑cluster databases, and robust messaging, delivering stable, high‑performance handling of millions of daily orders even during peak events.

MeituanMicroservicesPerformance Optimization
0 likes · 14 min read
Meituan Group Order System: Optimization, Sharding, and Service‑Oriented Refactoring